[User] In what scenarios would a third-party payer be beneficial when using the Flash-Fill method in Jupiter?

[Assistant]
A third-party payer can be beneficial in the following scenarios when using the Flash-Fill method in Jupiter:

1. **Insufficient SOL Balance**: If a user wants to perform a swap but does not have enough SOL to cover the transaction fees, a third-party payer can step in to pay those fees. This allows the user to execute the swap without needing to hold SOL in their wallet.

2. **User Experience Enhancement**: By allowing a third-party payer, developers can create a more seamless user experience. Users can focus on swapping tokens without worrying about maintaining a minimum balance of SOL for transaction fees.

3. **Facilitating Transactions for New Users**: New users who may not yet understand the need for SOL in their wallets can benefit from having a third-party payer. This can help onboard users who are unfamiliar with the Solana ecosystem and its transaction fee structure.

4. **Incentivizing Participation**: A third-party payer could be a service or protocol that incentivizes users to swap tokens by covering the transaction fees. This can encourage more trading activity and liquidity within the ecosystem.

5. **Complex Transactions**: In cases where users are performing complex transactions that involve multiple swaps or interactions with different protocols, having a third-party payer can simplify the process and ensure that all necessary fees are covered without requiring the user to manage their SOL balance actively.

Overall, the ability to use a third-party payer in Flash-Fill transactions enhances flexibility and accessibility for users engaging with the Jupiter swap functionality.

 of Cross Program Invocation (CPI) via the "Flash-Fill" approach. Flash-Fill is one of two approaches to integrate Jupiter swap with your protocol. The other approach is Cross Program Invocation CPI.

The Jupiter team engineered "flash-fill" to allow developers and integrators to utilize the full potential of Jupiter swap with their programs.

Why Flash-Fill?
To achieve the best prices and highest returns on swaps, Jupiter divides and routes an order across multiple DEXes in a single transaction, minimizing price impact by prioritizing the lowest-cost routes. Solana transactions are limited to 1232 bytes of storage. By using lookup tables, Jupiter can include more accounts (32 bytes per account) in one transaction. However, the CPI method cannot use lookup tables to reduce the size of each account, so CPI calls to swap via Jupiter typically fail.

Flash-filling allows the use of Versioned Transaction in combination with Address Lookup Tables, thus, reducing the "size" of each account - something we can't do via the CPI approach.

Note: when using Jupiter's API, you can set maxAccounts to reduce the number of accounts.

Example
Here we show an example transaction on how to utilize Jupiter Swap via Flash Fill. We use Flash Fill to swap from any tokens to SOL even if the user doesn't have enough SOL. You can even allow a third-party payer if the user doesn't have any SOL at all.

danger
A note of caution: Unlike a typical flash loan, the repayment is in a different mint from the


[User] What metrics related to Reddit engagement does CoinGecko offer for each coin?

[Assistant]
CoinGecko provides several metrics related to Reddit engagement for each coin, which are included in the `community_data` object. The specific Reddit engagement metrics available are:

1. **reddit_average_posts_48h**: The average number of posts on Reddit in the last 48 hours.
2. **reddit_average_comments_48h**: The average number of comments on Reddit in the last 48 hours.
3. **reddit_subscribers**: The total number of subscribers to the coin's subreddit.
4. **reddit_accounts_active_48h**: The number of active Reddit accounts in the last 48 hours related to the coin.

These metrics help gauge the community engagement and activity surrounding a particular cryptocurrency on Reddit.

ice, market, stats) at a given date for a coin

Response body
object
id
string
coin id

symbol
string
coin symbol

name
string
coin name

localization
object
coin localization

Has additional fields
image
object
coin image url

thumb
string
small
string
market_data
object
coin market data

current_price
object
coin current price

current_price object
market_cap
object
coin market cap

market_cap object
total_volume
object
coin total volume

total_volume object
community_data
object
coin community data

facebook_likes
number
coin facebook likes

twitter_followers
number
coin twitter followers

reddit_average_posts_48h
number
coin reddit average posts 48h

reddit_average_comments_48h
number
coin reddit average comments 48h

reddit_subscribers
number
coin reddit subscribers

reddit_accounts_active_48h
number
coin reddit accounts active 48h

developer_data
object
coin developer data

forks
number
coin repository forks

stars
number
coin repository stars

subscribers
number
coin repository subscribers

total_issues
number
coin repository total issues

closed_issues
number
coin repository closed issues

pull_requests_merged
number
coin repository pull requests merged

pull_request_contributors
number
coin repository pull request contributors

code_additions_deletions_4_weeks
object
coin code additions deletions 4 weeks

code_additions_deletions_4_weeks object
commit_count_4_weeks
number
coin commit count 4 weeks

public_interest_stats
object
coin public interest stats

alexa_ra


[User] What is the significance of bin steps in Meteora and how do they affect liquidity for different trading pairs?

[Assistant]
In Meteora, bin steps are crucial for determining how liquidity is distributed across different price ranges for trading pairs. The significance of bin steps lies in their ability to influence both the volume of trades and the range of prices at which liquidity is available.

### Effects of Bin Steps on Liquidity:

1. **Smaller Bin Steps**:
   - **Higher Volume Capture**: Smaller bin steps allow for more granular pricing, which can capture more trading volume. This is particularly beneficial for stable pairs where price fluctuations are minimal.
   - **Limited Price Range**: The downside is that the maximum range per position is smaller, which may limit the effectiveness of liquidity provision if the price moves significantly.

   **Example**: If the current price for a stable pair is $1 and the bin step is 0.1%, the price bins would be $1.001, $1.002, etc., allowing for more frequent trades within a tight price range.

2. **Larger Bin Steps**:
   - **Wider Price Range**: Larger bin steps allow liquidity providers to set a broader price range per position. This is advantageous for highly volatile pairs where prices can swing dramatically.
   - **Lower Volume Capture**: However, this comes at the cost of capturing less volume since there are fewer price points where liquidity is available.

   **Example**: For a volatile pair priced at $100 with a bin step of 1%, the price bins would be $101, $102, etc. This wider range accommodates larger price swings but may result in fewer trades occurring at each specific price point.

### Conclusion:
Choosing the appropriate bin step is essential for liquidity providers in Meteora. Smaller bin steps are ideal for stable assets to maximize volume, while larger bin steps are better suited for volatile assets to accommodate significant price movements. The maximum number of bins per position is capped at 69, so liquidity providers must strategically select their bin steps based on the characteristics of the trading pairs they are dealing with.

e means a larger jump from one price to the next.

For example, if the current price for SOL/USDC is $20 per SOL and the bin step is 25 basis points (0.25%), then the consecutive bins would be 20 x 1.0025 = 20.05, 20.05 * 1.0025 = 20.10 and so on.

Smaller bin step: Allows you to capture more volume, but, your max range per position is smaller. So a good rule of thumb is smaller steps for stable pairs and larger steps for more volatile pairs.

Larger bin step: Allows you to set a wider price range per position, but at the cost of less volume, since there's a less continuous price range (harder for liquidity to be picked up for swaps). But important for highly volatile pairs where price swings can be huge. Note: Currently the max # of bins per position is 69, so a larger bin step can be used if you need to widen your range.

Base Fee: The minimum fee charged per swap. Lower fee gets more volume but higher fee earns more per volume. Generally if you want a higher base fee, the higher the bin step. But a lower base fee than other DEXes might give more flexibility for dynamic fees to optimize for volume or fees given the market volatility. For more details on dynamic fees, please refer to this section.

What is binArray?

binArray is the program account created to store liquidity from the pool’s position.

binArray = Sum of the pool’s position. e.g. the positions of 4 different users.

If you happen to be the first to create the specific price bins in the pool, meaning no LPs h


[User] What is the default encoding option for responses from the ChainStack getTransaction method?

[Assistant] The default encoding option for responses from the ChainStack `getTransaction` method is "json".

26-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/
Solana getTransaction method
The Solana getTransaction method returns detailed information about a specific transaction using its signature.

This method provides comprehensive data about the transaction, including its status, block information, instructions, and more. It's particularly useful for applications that need to verify transaction details or display transaction information to users.

📘
Null response

The interactive API example is for the mint transaction of dogwifhat ($WIF). The call will respond with null because you need an archive node to retrieve the data in the past. Chainstack does provide Solana archive nodes, so get one.

👍
Get your own node endpoint today

Start for free and get your app to production levels immediately. No credit card required.

You can sign up with your GitHub, X, Google, or Microsoft account.

Parameters
signature — the transaction signature as base-58 encoded string.
config (optional) — configuration object:
encoding — encoding for the returned transaction (default: "json").
maxSupportedTransactionVersion — the maximum transaction version to return in responses.
commitment — confirmed or finalized; the commitment level processed is not supported here by Solana.
Response
slot — the slot this transaction was processed in.
transaction — transaction object, either JSON format or encoded binary data.
meta — metadata object containing detailed information about the transaction.
blockTi


[User] What does a 'sizeUsdDelta' of 10000000 indicate in terms of position size adjustment in Jupiter?

[Assistant]
In Jupiter, a `sizeUsdDelta` of 10000000 indicates an increase in the position size by 10 USDC. This value is represented in integer format using 6 decimal places, which means that the actual USD amount is calculated by dividing the integer by 1,000,000. Therefore, a `sizeUsdDelta` of 10000000 corresponds to:

```plaintext
sizeUsdDelta = 10000000 / 1000000 = 10 USDC
```

This adjustment is used when making a position request to increase the size of an open position.

 the position's collateral.
openTime: The UNIX timestamp for when the position request is created.

updateTime: The UNIX timestamp for when the position is last updated.

sizeUsdDelta: The USD amount to increase or decrease the position size by. The amount is an integer that uses 6 decimal places as specified by the USDC / USDT mints. For example, a position request to increase an open position's size by 10 USDC will have a sizeUsdDelta = 10000000.

collateralDelta: For opening positions and collateral deposits,collateralDelta is the token amount to increase or decrease the position collateral size by. The token amount is an integer that corresponds to the decimal places used by the token specified in mint.

For example, a position request to increase a position's collateral size by 1 SOL will have collateralDelta = 1000000000.
For closing positions and collateral withdrawals, collateralDelta is the USD value of the collateral to be withdrew from the position. The amount is an integer that uses 6 decimal places as specified by the USDC / USDT mints.
For example, a position request to withdraw $100 from the position's collateral will have a sizeUsdDelta = 100000000 .
requestChange: requestChange will be equal to Increase for open position and collateral deposit requests, and Decrease for close position and collateral withdrawal requests.

requestType: Market for all position requests except for TP / SL requests, which have a Trigger requestType.

side: Long for long positions,


[User] How can I determine the number of confirmations for a transaction using ChainStack?

[Assistant]
To determine the number of confirmations for a transaction using ChainStack, you can utilize the `signatureSubscribe` method in Solana. This method allows you to receive real-time notifications about the status of a transaction signature, including the number of confirmations.

Here's how you can set it up:

1. **Connect to the WebSocket endpoint**: First, ensure you are connected to the ChainStack WebSocket endpoint.

2. **Use the `signatureSubscribe` method**: Subscribe to the transaction signature you want to monitor. You can specify the transaction signature as a base-58 encoded string and optionally include a configuration object to set the desired level of commitment.

3. **Receive updates**: The response will include the status of the transaction, including the number of confirmations.

Here’s an example of how to implement this:

```javascript
const WebSocket = require('ws');

// Connect to the ChainStack WebSocket endpoint
const ws = new WebSocket('wss://your-chainstack-websocket-endpoint');

// Wait for the connection to be established
ws.on('open', () => {
    console.log('Connected');

    // Replace 'your-transaction-signature' with the actual transaction signature
    const transactionSignature = 'your-transaction-signature';

    // Subscribe to the transaction signature
    const subscribeMessage = {
        jsonrpc: "2.0",
        id: 1,
        method: "signatureSubscribe",
        params: [transactionSignature, { enableReceivedNotification: true }]
    };

    ws.send(JSON.stringify(subscribeMessage));
});

// Listen for messages from the WebSocket
ws.on('message', (data) => {
    const response = JSON.parse(data);

    if (response.result) {
        const { subscription } = response.result;
        const { confirmations } = subscription;

        console.log(`Transaction status: ${subscription.status}`);
        console.log(`Number of confirmations: ${confirmations}`);
    }
});

// Handle connection close
ws.on('close', () => {
    console.log('Connection closed');
});
```

In this example:
- Replace `'your-chainstack-websocket-endpoint'` with the actual WebSocket endpoint provided by ChainStack.
- Replace `'your-transaction-signature'` with the transaction signature you want to monitor.

The `confirmations` field in the subscription object will give you the number of blocks since the transaction was processed, which indicates how many confirmations the transaction has received. If the transaction has been finalized, this field will be `null`.

CK_WEBSOCKET_ENDPOINT
# Wait for the connection to be established

Connected (press CTRL+C to quit)

> {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"rootUnsubscribe","params":[0]}
Updated 18 days ago

signatureSubscribe | Solana
The signatureSubscribe method in Solana allows developers to receive real-time notifications about the status of a transaction signature. This subscription-based method provides updates when a transaction's status changes.

Parameters
string - Transaction signature to monitor, as base-58 encoded string
<config> - (optional) Configuration object:
commitment - The level of commitment desired when querying state:
"processed" - Most recent block that has reached the node
"confirmed" - Block that has reached 1 confirmation by supermajority of the cluster
"finalized" - Block that has been finalized by supermajority of the cluster
enableReceivedNotification - (optional) Boolean to enable notifications when transaction is received by the node. Default: false
Response
result - An integer subscription id (needed to unsubscribe)
subscription - An object containing signature status:
err - Error if transaction failed, null if transaction succeeded
status - Transaction status:
"received" - Transaction received by node (if enableReceivedNotification is enabled)
"processed" - Transaction has been processed
"confirmed" - Transaction has been confirmed
"finalized" - Transaction has been finalized
confirmations - Number of blocks since transaction was processed (null if finalized)


[User] How does CoinGecko prioritize rankings for NFT collections with low liquidity when sorting by market cap?

[Assistant]
When sorting NFT collections by market cap on CoinGecko, the platform prioritizes the Market Cap value of liquid NFT collections first. If there are collections with low liquidity, they are then ranked based on their trading volume. This means that for collections that do not have a significant market cap, their trading volume will be the determining factor for their ranking in the list.

In summary, the ranking process is as follows:
1. Liquid NFT collections are prioritized by Market Cap value.
2. Illiquid NFT collections are then ranked by trading volume.

This approach ensures that more actively traded collections are highlighted, even if they have lower market caps.

    "usd": "2024-02-29T11:45:08.150Z"
95
  }
96
}

💼 NFTs List with Market Data
get
https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/nfts/markets
This endpoint allows you to query all the supported NFT collections with floor price, market cap, volume and market related data on CoinGecko

👍
Tips

You may include values such as per_page and page to specify how many results you would like to show in the responses per page and which page of responses you would like to show
📘
Notes

Cache / Update Frequency: every 5 minutes
Exclusive for all Paid Plan Subscribers (Analyst, Lite, Pro and Enterprise)
CoinGecko equivalent page: https://www.coingecko.com/en/nft
Some collection with low liquidity may not be ranked by Market Cap value, learn more here. Sorting by Mcap ranking will first prioritise Market Cap value of liquid NFT collections, then followed by trading volume of illiquid NFT collections.
Query Params
asset_platform_id
string
filter result by asset platform (blockchain network)
*refers to /asset_platforms filter=nft

order
string
sort results by field
Default: market_cap_usd_desc

per_page
number
total results per page
Valid values: any integer between 1 and 250
Default: 100

page
number
page through results
Default: 1

Response

200
List all NFTs markets

Response body
array of objects
object
id
string
nft collection id

contract_address
string
nft collection contract address

asset_platform_id
string
nft collection asset platform id

name
string
nft collection name

symbol
string
nf


[User] How does the 'ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice' function work within Helius?

[Assistant]
The `ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice` function in Helius is used to set the price of compute units for a transaction. This is particularly useful when you want to specify a priority fee for the transaction, which can help in ensuring that the transaction is processed more quickly by the network.

Here’s how it works within the context of a transaction:

1. **Setting the Compute Unit Price**: You create a compute budget instruction using `ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice`, where you specify the `microLamports` parameter. This parameter defines the price of compute units in microLamports.

2. **Adding to the Transaction**: Once you have created the instruction, you add it to your transaction. This instructs the Solana runtime to use the specified compute unit price when processing the transaction.

3. **Example Usage**: In the provided code snippet, the function is used after estimating the priority fee. If the `priorityLevel` is not "NONE", it retrieves the priority fee estimate and sets the compute unit price accordingly.

Here’s a relevant code example:

```javascript
const computePriceIx = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({
  microLamports: feeEstimate.priorityFeeEstimate,
});
transaction.add(computePriceIx);
```

In this example, `feeEstimate.priorityFeeEstimate` is the computed price that was estimated based on the desired priority level for the transaction. This instruction is then added to the transaction before it is signed and sent.

This mechanism allows developers to influence the processing speed of their transactions by adjusting the compute unit price, which can be particularly useful in high-demand scenarios.

[
        {
          transaction: bs58.encode(transaction.serialize()), // Pass the serialized transaction in Base58
          options: { priorityLevel: priorityLevel },
        },
      ],
    }),
  });
  const data = await response.json();
  console.log(
    "Fee in function for",
    priorityLevel,
    " :",
    data.result.priorityFeeEstimate
  );
  return data.result;
}
async function sendTransactionWithPriorityFee(priorityLevel) {
  const transaction = new Transaction();
  const transferIx = SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
    toPubkey,
    lamports: 100,
  });
  transaction.add(transferIx);

  let feeEstimate = { priorityFeeEstimate: 0 };
  if (priorityLevel !== "NONE") {
    feeEstimate = await getPriorityFeeEstimate(priorityLevel, transaction);
    const computePriceIx = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({
      microLamports: feeEstimate.priorityFeeEstimate,
    });
    transaction.add(computePriceIx);
  }

  transaction.recentBlockhash = (
    await connection.getLatestBlockhash()
  ).blockhash;
  transaction.sign(fromKeypair);

  try {
    const txid = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
      fromKeypair,
    ]);
    console.log(`Transaction sent successfully with signature ${txid}`);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`Failed to send transaction: ${e}`);
  }
}

sendTransactionWithPriorityFee("High"); // Choose between "Min", "Low", "Medium", "High", "VeryHigh", "UnsafeMax"
The evaluateEmptySlotAsZer


[User] What details can I retrieve about the 'Dex' associated with a trade in Bitquery?

[Assistant]
In Bitquery, when retrieving details about the 'Dex' associated with a trade, you can obtain the following information:

1. **ProtocolFamily**: This indicates the family of the protocol that the decentralized exchange (Dex) belongs to.
2. **ProtocolName**: This provides the name of the protocol associated with the Dex.
3. **ProgramAddress**: This is the address of the program that operates the Dex.

Here is an example of how you might structure a query to retrieve these details:

```graphql
{
  trades {
    Dex {
      ProtocolFamily
      ProtocolName
      ProgramAddress
    }
  }
}
```

This query will return the Dex details for the trades you are interested in.

   }
        }
      }
    ) {
      Trade {
        Buy {
          Account {
            Address
          }
          Amount
          AmountInUSD
          Currency {
            MintAddress
            Symbol
          }
          Price
          PriceInUSD
        }
        Market {
          MarketAddress
        }
        Dex {
          ProtocolFamily
          ProtocolName
          ProgramAddress
        }
        Sell {
          Account {
            Address
          }
          Amount
          AmountInUSD
          Currency {
            MintAddress
            Symbol
          }
          Price
          PriceInUSD
        }
      }
      Transaction {
        Signature
      }
    }
  }
}


[User] How does Bitquery differentiate between included and excluded log phrases in Solana instructions?

[Assistant]
Bitquery differentiates between included and excluded log phrases in Solana instructions using specific filters in the GraphQL queries.

1. **Included Log Phrases**: To filter for instructions that contain specific log phrases, you can use the `includes` filter. For example, if you want to find instructions that include a log message indicating an error, you would structure your query like this:

   ```graphql
   {
     Solana {
       Instructions(
         limit: {count: 1}
         where: {Instruction: {Logs: {includes: {is: "Program log: AnchorError occurred. Error Code: SlippageToleranceExceeded. Error Number: 6001. Error Message: Slippage tolerance exceeded."}}}}
       ) {
         Instruction {
           Accounts {
             Address
           }
           Data
           Index
           Logs
           ExternalSeqNumber
           Program {
             Json
             AccountNames
             Method
             Name
             Arguments {
               Name
               Type
             }
           }
           Index
         }
         Transaction {
           Result {
             ErrorMessage
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
   ```

2. **Excluded Log Phrases**: To exclude instructions that contain specific log phrases, you can use the `notLike` filter. For instance, if you want to filter out instructions that include a log message about an AnchorError, your query would look like this:

   ```graphql
   {
     Solana {
       Instructions(
         limit: {count: 1}
         where: {Instruction: {Logs: {includes: {notLike: "Program log: AnchorError occurred."}}}}
       ) {
         Instruction {
           Accounts {
             Address
           }
           Data
           Index
           Logs
           ExternalSeqNumber
           Program {
             Json
             AccountNames
             Method
             Name
             Arguments {
               Name
               Type
             }
           }
           Index
         }
         Transaction {
           Result {
             ErrorMessage
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
   ```

In summary, Bitquery uses the `includes` filter for including specific log phrases and the `notLike` filter for excluding certain log phrases in Solana instructions.

d message You can find the query here

{
  Solana {
    Instructions(
      limit: {count: 1}
      where: {Instruction: {Logs: {includes: {is: "Program log: AnchorError occurred. Error Code: SlippageToleranceExceeded. Error Number: 6001. Error Message: Slippage tolerance exceeded."}}}}
    ) {
      Instruction {
        Accounts {
          Address
        }
        Data
        Index
        Logs
        ExternalSeqNumber
        Program {
          Json
          AccountNames
          Method
          Name
          Arguments {
            Name
            Type
          }
        }
        Index
      }
      Transaction {
        Result {
          ErrorMessage
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Filtering Instructions using Not Like Filter
To exclude instructions containing specific log phrases such as 'AnchorError' you can use the notLike filter.

You can find the query here

{
  Solana {
    Instructions(
      limit: {count: 1}
      where: {Instruction: {Logs: {includes: {notLike: "Program log: AnchorError occurred."}}}}
    ) {
      Instruction {
        Accounts {
          Address
        }
        Data
        Index
        Logs
        ExternalSeqNumber
        Program {
          Json
          AccountNames
          Method
          Name
          Arguments {
            Name
            Type
          }
        }
        Index
      }
      Transaction {
        Result {
          ErrorMessage
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Finding Instructions using Like


[User] How can I check if a blockhash is valid using QuickNode's gRPC methods?

[Assistant]
To check if a blockhash is valid using QuickNode's gRPC methods, you can use the `isBlockhashValid` method. This method requires that the Yellowstone gRPC add-on is enabled on your QuickNode endpoint.

### Parameters
- **blockhash** (bytes): This is a required parameter where you need to provide the blockhash you want to validate.

### Returns
The method will return:
- **valid** (boolean): A boolean value indicating whether the blockhash is still valid (true or false).
- **slot** (string): The slot number associated with the blockhash.

### Example Code
Here’s an example of how to implement this in Go:

```go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	pb "yellowstone/proto" // Import your generated protobuf package

	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/encoding/gzip"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
)

func main() {
	// Set up a connection to the gRPC server
	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
		InsecureSkipVerify: true, // Adjust based on your security needs
	}
	conn, err := grpc.Dial("your-quicknode-endpoint:port", grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewTLS(tlsConfig)))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("did not connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	client := pb.NewYourServiceClient(conn) // Replace with your service client

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	// Replace with your actual blockhash
	blockhash := []byte("your_blockhash_here")

	// Call the isBlockhashValid method
	response, err := client.IsBlockhashValid(ctx, &pb.IsBlockhashValidRequest{Blockhash: blockhash})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to check blockhash validity: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("Blockhash Validity:\n")
	fmt.Printf("  Valid: %t\n", response.GetValid())
	fmt.Printf("  Slot: %s\n", response.GetSlot())
}
```

### Notes
- Make sure to replace `"your-quicknode-endpoint:port"` with your actual QuickNode endpoint and port.
- Replace `pb.NewYourServiceClient` and `&pb.IsBlockhashValidRequest{Blockhash: blockhash}` with the appropriate service and request types based on your generated protobuf definitions.
- Ensure that you have the necessary dependencies and that your gRPC server is running and accessible.

text.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
    defer cancel()

    version, err := client.GetVersion(ctx, &pb.GetVersionRequest{})
	if err != null {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to get version: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("Yellowstone gRPC Version:\n")
	fmt.Printf("  GeyserGrpc: %s\n", version.GetVersion())

}
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hi@example.com
isBlockhashValid gRPC Method
Checks whether a given blockhash is still valid on the Solana blockchain.
Updated on
Oct 25, 2024
Please note that this RPC method requires the Yellowstone gRPC add-on enabled on your QuickNode endpoint.
Parameters
blockhash
bytes
REQUIRED
The blockhash you want to validate
Returns
valid
boolean
A boolean value (true or false) indicating whether the blockhash is still valid
slot
string
The slot number associated with the blockhash
Request

Go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	pb "yellowstone/proto"

	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/encoding/gzip"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
)

// QuickNode endpoints consist of two


[User] How does the total reward for a position in Meteora accumulate over time?

[Assistant]
In Meteora, the total reward for a position accumulates based on the time the position has been active and the reward rate defined for the bin it is in. Here's how the accumulation works:

1. **Reward Rate**: The reward rate is defined as a certain amount of USDC earned per second. For example, in the provided documentation, the reward rate is 0.020667 USDC per second.

2. **Time Calculation**: The accumulated reward for a position is calculated by multiplying the reward rate by the total time (in seconds) that the position has been active in the bin.

3. **Distribution of Rewards**: When a new position is added or when a swap occurs that changes the active bin, the accumulated rewards are distributed among the positions in the respective bins based on their share of the total supply in that bin.

### Example Breakdown:

- **Initial Setup**:
  - Position A deposits 70 USDC in bin 0.
  - Position B deposits 30 USDC in bin 0.
  - Position C deposits 100 USDC in bin 1.

- **Accumulation**:
  - After 5 seconds, the accumulated reward is calculated as:
    \[
    \text{Accumulated Reward} = \text{Reward Rate} \times \text{Time} = 0.020667 \, \text{USDC/second} \times 5 \, \text{seconds} = 0.103335 \, \text{USDC}
    \]

- **Reward Distribution**:
  - The total supply in bin 0 is 100 USDC (70 from Position A and 30 from Position B).
  - The reward per bin is calculated as:
    \[
    \text{Reward per Bin} = \frac{0.103335 \, \text{USDC}}{2} = 0.0516675 \, \text{USDC}
    \]
  - Each position receives rewards based on their share of the total supply:
    - Position A:
      \[
      0.0516675 \times \frac{70}{100} = 0.03616725 \, \text{USDC}
      \]
    - Position B:
      \[
      0.0516675 \times \frac{30}{100} = 0.01550025 \, \text{USDC}
      \]
    - Position C (in bin 1) receives rewards only after the active bin changes.

### Current State:
After the time intervals and distributions, the total rewards for each position are updated accordingly, reflecting the accumulation over time based on their activity and the reward distribution mechanism.

This process continues as time progresses, and positions may switch bins or have new deposits, affecting the total rewards they accumulate.

Example
50,000 USDC for 4 weeks (~28 days) = 1,785.71 USDC per day

Reward rate = 0.020667 USDC per second

Starting active bin: 0

Time 00:00:

Position A deposit 70 in bin 0

Bin 0 total supply = 70

Time 00:05:

Position B deposit 30 in bin 0

Position C deposit 100 in bin 1

Accumulated reward = 0.020667 * 5 = 0.103335 USDC

Position A get 0.103335 USDC

Bin 0 total supply = 70 (position A) + 30 (position B) = 100

Bin 1 total supply = 100

Time 00:10: Someone swap, active bin moved to bin 1

Accumulated reward = 0.020667 * 5 = 0.103335 USDC

Reward per bin = 0.103335 / 2 = 0.0516675 USDC

Position A get 0.0516675 * 70 / 100 = 0.03616725 (bin 0)

Position B get 0.0516675 * 30 / 100 = 0.01550025 (bin 0)

Position C get 0.0516675 * 100 / 100 = 0.0516675 (bin 1)

Current state:

Position A total reward = 0.103335 (from 00:00 -> 00:05) + 0.03616725 (from 00:05 -> 00:10)

Position B total reward = 0.01550025 (from 00:05 -> 00:10)

Position C total reward = 0.0516675 (from 00:05 -> 00:10)

DLMM SDK
This Typescript SDK is meant to help developers easily integrate Meteora's DLMM pools into their protocols. This SDK uses the latest AddLiquidityByStrategy endpoint (instead of AddLiquidityByWeight).

Getting started
NPM: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@meteora-ag/dlmm

SDK on github: https://github.com/MeteoraAg/dlmm-sdk

Get help on Discord: https://discord.com/channels/841152225564950528/864859354335412224

Logo
GitHub - MeteoraAg/dlmm-sdk: An SDK for building applications on


[User] What types of information does the response from CoinGecko's NFT market chart endpoint include?

[Assistant]
The response from CoinGecko's NFT market chart endpoint includes the following types of information:

1. **Floor Price in USD**: An array of arrays representing the NFT collection floor price in USD.
   - Key: `floor_price_usd`

2. **Floor Price in Native Currency**: An array of arrays representing the NFT collection floor price in the native currency.
   - Key: `floor_price_native`

3. **24-Hour Volume in USD**: An array of arrays representing the NFT collection volume in the last 24 hours in USD.
   - Key: `h24_volume_usd`

4. **24-Hour Volume in Native Currency**: An array of arrays representing the NFT collection volume in the last 24 hours in the native currency.
   - Key: `h24_volume_native`

This data provides insights into the historical market performance of an NFT collection, including its pricing and trading volume over a specified period.

one_day_sales": 33,
45
    "one_day_sales_24h_percentage_change": 22.2222222222222,
46
    "one_day_average_sale_price": 12.1929990290909,
47
    "one_day_average_sale_price_24h_percentage_change": 1.8967181143714
48
  }
49
]

💼 NFTs Collection Historical Chart Data by ID
get
https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/nfts/{id}/market_chart
This endpoint allows you query historical market data of a NFT collection, including floor price, market cap, and 24h volume, by number of days away from now

📘
Notes

Data Granularity (auto):
1-14 days from now = 5-minutely data
15 days & above from now = daily data (00:00 UTC)
Cache/Update Frequency: every 5 minutes
The last completed UTC day (00:00) is available 5 minutes after midnight on the next UTC day (00:05)
Exclusive for all Paid Plan Subscribers (Analyst, Lite, Pro and Enterprise)
Path Params
id
string
required
NFTs id
*refers to /nfts/list.

Query Params
days
string
required
data up to number of days
Valid values: any integer or max

Response

200
Get historical market data include price, market cap, and 24h volume (granularity auto)

Response body
object
floor_price_usd
array of arrays of numbers
nft collection floor price in usd

array of numbers
floor_price_native
array of arrays of numbers
nft collection floor price in native currency

array of numbers
h24_volume_usd
array of arrays of numbers
nft collection volume in 24 hours in usd

array of numbers
h24_volume_native
array of arrays of numbers
nft collection volume in 24 hours


[User] How does the 'rentEpoch' attribute affect a QuickNode token account?

[Assistant]
The `rentEpoch` attribute in a QuickNode token account indicates the epoch at which the token account's storage will be subject to rent. This means that if the account does not maintain enough balance to cover the rent fees by the time the specified epoch arrives, it may become inactive or be subject to removal.

In the context of Solana, accounts are required to maintain a minimum balance to avoid being charged rent. The `rentEpoch` helps users understand when they need to ensure their account has sufficient funds to cover these potential charges.

For example, if a token account has a `rentEpoch` value of 5, it means that during epoch 5, the account must have enough lamports to cover the rent. If it does not, the account may be at risk of being purged or becoming inactive.

This attribute is crucial for developers and users managing token accounts, as it helps them plan and maintain their accounts effectively to avoid unexpected issues related to account inactivity due to rent.

tion of a u64 integer
decimals
An integer value representing the number of decimal places used by the token
uiAmount
The total token supply using mint-prescribed decimals (DEPRECATED)
uiAmountString
The total token supply as a string using mint-prescribed decimals
type
The type of the block. It can be used to differentiate between regular blocks and special blocks such as snapshot or transaction confirmation blocks
program
The program that manages the token
space
The amount of storage space required to store the token account
executable
A boolean indicating if the account contains a program (and is strictly read-only)
lamports
The number of lamports assigned to this account as u64 (64-bit unsigned integer)
owner
The base-58 encoded Pubkey of the program this account has been assigned to
rentEpoch
The epoch at which the token account's storage will be subject to rent
space
The amount of storage space required to store the token account
pubkey
The public key associated with the token account
Request

Curl
curl https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ \
  -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id": 1,"method": "getTokenAccountsByOwner","params": ["GgPpTKg78vmzgDtP1DNn72CHAYjRdKY7AV6zgszoHCSa",{"mint": "1YDQ35V8g68FGvcT85haHwAXv1U7XMzuc4mZeEXfrjE"},{"encoding": "jsonParsed"}]}'
Don't have an account yet?
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getTokenAccountsByDelegate
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getTokenL


[User] What slot must be reached before deposits open in the Alpha Vault according to the provided config?

[Assistant] According to the provided config, deposits in the Alpha Vault open at slot 24107, which is one slot after the vault activation at slot 24106.

ority
(5unTfT2kssBuNvHPY6LbJfJpLqEcdMxGYLWHwShaeTLi) can use the pool config 8aPHoLN8ke6PhWeYA7ELi19fppptVYUCQvqKWR5yP1sn to create a pool with the below settings:

1.5% fee

20% protocol fee

pool start trade after 1512000 slot upon creation

slot based activation

and can create a binded Alpha Vault with FCFS config as shown below:

max deposit cap = 10 token

vested over 24106 slot after pool activate

deposit opens at 24107 slot before vault crank

every escrow maximum can only deposit 1 token

Full Pool and Vault Config List
Pool config list: https://amm-v2.meteora.ag/swagger-ui/#/pools/get_all_pool_configs

Vault config list: https://amm-v2.meteora.ag/swagger-ui/#/alpha_vault_config/get_all

If your preferred configs are not available in the pre-defined config lists above, please contact the Meteora team. You will need your own unique config key specific to your integration.

Permanently Locking Liquidity
Projects, especially memecoins, can choose to permanently lock liquidity forever (you lose your liquidity forever) to help raise community confidence, but can still earn fees on the locked liquidity.

If the project wants to permanently lock liquidity in the Memecoin Pool, they should ideally lock the liquidity BEFORE the pool starts trading, so that swap fees from locked liquidity are captured the second trading starts.

In a scenario where:

The pool started trading - t0

Liquidity gets deposited to the pool by the project, but not locked - t1

Subsequently, that


[User] What kind of data is included in the attributes object of a trade response from CoinGecko?

[Assistant]
The attributes object of a trade response from CoinGecko includes the following data:

- **block_number**: The block number in which the trade occurred.
- **tx_hash**: The transaction hash associated with the trade.
- **tx_from_address**: The address from which the transaction originated.
- **from_token_amount**: The amount of the token that was sent in the trade.
- **to_token_amount**: The amount of the token that was received in the trade.

This information provides detailed insights into each trade, including the transaction specifics and the amounts of tokens involved.

ndpoint allows you to query the last 300 trades in the past 24 hours based on the provided pool address

📘
Notes

Cache/Update Frequency: every 30 seconds for Pro API (Analyst, Lite, Pro, Enterprise)
Path Params
network
string
required
network id
*refers to /networks

pool_address
string
required
pool contract address

Query Params
trade_volume_in_usd_greater_than
number
filter trades by trade volume in USD greater than this value
Default value: 0

Response

200
Get last 300 trades in past 24 hours from a pool

Response body
object
data
array of objects
object
id
string
type
string
attributes
object

attributes object
Updated about 19 hours ago

Pool OHLCV chart by Pool Address
Categories
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Shell

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Credentials
x-cg-pro-api-key

Log in to use your API keys
1
curl --request GET \
2
     --url https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/onchain/networks/network/pools/pool_address/trades \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json'

Try It!
RESPONSE
1
{
2
  "data": [
3
    {
4
      "id": "eth_19612255_0x0b8ac5a16c291832c1b4d5f0d8ef2d9d58e207cd8132c32392295617daa4d422_158_1712595165",
5
      "type": "trade",
6
      "attributes": {
7
        "block_number": 19612255,
8
        "tx_hash": "0x0b8ac5a16c291832c1b4d5f0d8ef2d9d58e207cd8132c32392295617daa4d422",
9
        "tx_from_address": "0x42c037c594eefeca741e9dd66af91e7ffd930872",
10
        "from_token_amount": "1.51717616246451",
11
        "to_token_amount": "5535.099061",
12


[User] What is the minimum reward amount for critical vulnerabilities reported to Raydium?

[Assistant] The minimum reward amount for critical vulnerabilities reported to Raydium is USD 50,000.

gh severity bug reports should also include a suggestion for a fix. Explanations and statements are not accepted as PoC and code is required.

Critical smart contract vulnerabilities are capped at 10% of economic damage, primarily taking into consideration funds at risk, but also PR and branding aspects, at the discretion of the team. However, there is a minimum reward of USD 50,000.

The following vulnerabilities are not eligible for a reward:

For the CLMM program, vulnerabilities marked in the Ottersec security review are not eligible for a reward. For the Hybrid AMM program, vulnerabilities marked in the Kudelski security review, Ottersec security review, and MadShield security review are not eligible for a reward.

The CLMM contract emits trading fees and farming yield tokens to LPs. If tokens from the vault or fees were drained by an attacker, however, users would not be able to claim yield and transactions would fail. This is by design and not a vulnerability

Payouts are handled by Raydium directly and are denominated in USD. Payouts can be facilitated in RAY, SOL or USDC.

Programs in Scope
View details, developer documentation, and testing environments for each program:

Logo
CPMM (CP-Swap) Bug Bounty Details |
Logo
CLMM Bug Bounty Details
Logo
Hybrid AMM Bug Bounty Details
Impacts in Scope
Only the following impacts are accepted within this bug bounty program. All other impacts are not considered in-scope, even if they affect something in the assets in scope tables


[User] Why is the virtual price in Meteora not denominated in USD or other currencies?

[Assistant]
The virtual price in Meteora is not denominated in USD or other currencies because doing so would cause the value to fluctuate even if there were no changes in the pool itself. This fluctuation would make it an unreliable measure of how much the pool is earning.

Instead, the virtual price is calculated based on the total value of the dynamic pool divided by the number of LP tokens, which provides a consistent measure of the pool's performance without the influence of external currency valuations. This approach ensures that the virtual price accurately reflects the pool's accumulated value and earnings from fees or lending yields, independent of currency fluctuations.

termined by dividing the dynamic pool's total value by the number of LP tokens (VP = pool_value / LP token).

The dynamic pool's value rises as a result of a swap fee being charged on each trade or when assets loaned out to lending pools (via dynamic vaults) generate lending yield. This increase in pool value corresponds to a rise in the Virtual Price.

If virtual price = 1 then the pool value is equal to all deposited assets and the pool has made no money.

If virtual price > 1 that means the pool has accumulated value/assets from fees outside of deposits. e.g. if the virtual price is 1.5, it means that the value grew 50% larger than the deposited assets and the price of your LP token is worth 1.5 times the initial deposit.

If the virtual price is less than 1, it means the pool has lost value compared to its deposits.

For example, when you deposit USDT and USDC in a USDT/USDC stablecoin pool, the USDT-USDC LP tokens you receive represent your share of the pool and 1 USDT-USDC ≈ 1.06866982 USD is the virtual price of the pool.

Note: In the above example, USDT-USDC is the LP token of the pool, not your total USDC and USDT deposited.

The virtual price is not denominated in USD or other currency as that would cause the value to fluctuate even if nothing happened to the pool so would not be a good measure of how much the pool is earning.

How do LP tokens, fees, and virtual price work for Dynamic Pools?
Simple Example
Let's say Anne creates a pool and deposits $50 worth of l


[User] How can I specify the parameters when using the getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption method in ChainStack?

[Assistant]
To specify the parameters when using the `getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption` method in ChainStack, you need to include them in the `params` array of your JSON-RPC request. The method requires a single integer parameter that indicates the size of the account in bytes for which you want to calculate the minimum balance required for rent exemption.

Here’s an example of how to structure your request using `curl`:

```bash
curl --request POST \
     --url https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/ \
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
     --data '
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption",
  "params": [
    50
  ]
}'
```

In this example, the parameter `50` specifies the size of the account in bytes. You can replace `50` with any integer value that represents the desired account size. The response will provide you with the minimum balance required for rent exemption based on the specified size.

tion.

Try the getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption RPC method yourself
Body Params
id
integer
Defaults to 1
1
jsonrpc
string
Defaults to 2.0
2.0
method
string
Defaults to getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption
getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption
params
array of integers
Defaults to 50

integer

50

ADD integer
Response

200
Minimum balance for rent exemption details

Updated 11 months ago

getMaxShredInsertSlot | Solana
getMultipleAccounts | Solana
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1
curl --request POST \
2
     --url https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/ \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
4
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
5
     --data '
6
{
7
  "id": 1,
8
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
9
  "method": "getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption",
10
  "params": [
11
    50
12
  ]
13
}
14
'

getMultipleAccounts | Solana
post
https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/
Solana getMultipleAccounts method
The Solana getMultipleAccounts method returns information about multiple accounts by public key.

This method provides detailed information about each account, including the account's current balance, owner, and executable state. It is useful for retrieving the state of multiple accounts at a specific commitment level.

👍
Get you own node endpoint today

Start for free and get your app to production levels immediately. No credit card required.

You can sign up with your GitHub, X, Google, or Micr


[User] What kind of community data does CoinGecko provide for a coin?

[Assistant]
CoinGecko provides the following community data for a coin:

1. **Facebook Likes**: The number of likes on the coin's Facebook page.
   - Field: `facebook_likes` (number)

2. **Twitter Followers**: The number of followers on the coin's Twitter account.
   - Field: `twitter_followers` (number)

3. **Reddit Average Posts in 48 Hours**: The average number of posts about the coin on Reddit in the last 48 hours.
   - Field: `reddit_average_posts_48h` (number)

4. **Reddit Average Comments in 48 Hours**: The average number of comments about the coin on Reddit in the last 48 hours.
   - Field: `reddit_average_comments_48h` (number)

5. **Reddit Subscribers**: The number of subscribers to the coin's Reddit community.
   - Field: `reddit_subscribers` (number)

6. **Reddit Accounts Active in 48 Hours**: The number of unique Reddit accounts that were active in discussions about the coin in the last 48 hours.
   - Field: `reddit_accounts_active_48h` (number)

7. **Telegram Channel User Count**: The number of users in the coin's Telegram channel.
   - Field: `telegram_channel_user_count` (number)

This data provides insights into the community engagement and activity surrounding a particular coin.

ty_data
object
coin community data

facebook_likes
number
coin facebook likes

twitter_followers
number
coin twitter followers

reddit_average_posts_48h
number
coin reddit average posts in 48 hours

reddit_average_comments_48h
number
coin reddit average comments in 48 hours

reddit_subscribers
number
coin reddit subscribers

reddit_accounts_active_48h
number
coin reddit active accounts in 48 hours

telegram_channel_user_count
number
coin telegram channel user count

developer_data
object
coin developer data

forks
number
coin repository forks

stars
number
coin repository stars

subscribers
number
coin repository subscribers

total_issues
number
coin repository total issues

closed_issues
number
coin repository closed issues

pull_requests_merged
number
coin repository pull requests merged

pull_request_contributors
number
coin repository pull request contributors

code_additions_deletions_4_weeks
object
coin code additions and deletions in 4 weeks

code_additions_deletions_4_weeks object
commit_count_4_weeks
number
coin repository commit count in 4 weeks

last_4_weeks_commit_activity_series
array of numbers
coin repository last 4 weeks commit activity series

status_updates
array of objects
coin status updates

object

View Additional Properties
last_updated
date-time
coin last updated timestamp

tickers
array of objects
coin tickers

object
base
string
coin ticker base currency

target
string
coin ticker target currency

market
object
coin ticker exchange

market object
l


[User] How can I access historical global market cap data through CoinGecko's API?

[Assistant]
To access historical global market cap data through CoinGecko's API, you can use the following endpoint:

```
GET https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/global/market_cap_chart
```

This endpoint allows you to query historical global market cap and volume data by specifying the number of days away from the current date.

### Important Notes:
- The data granularity is as follows:
  - For 1 day from now, you will receive hourly data.
  - For 2 days and above from now, you will receive daily data.
- This feature is exclusive to all Paid Plan Subscribers (Analyst, Lite, Pro, and Enterprise).
- The last completed UTC day (00:00) is available for querying.

### Example Request:
Here’s an example of how you might make a request using `curl`:

```bash
curl --request GET \
     --url 'https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/global/market_cap_chart?days=30' \
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
     --header 'x-cg-pro-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY'
```

In this example, replace `YOUR_API_KEY` with your actual CoinGecko API key, and `days=30` specifies that you want historical data for the last 30 days.

### Response:
The response will contain historical market cap and volume data for the specified number of days. Make sure to handle the response appropriately in your application.

urs

defi_dominance
string
defi dominance

top_coin_name
string
defi top coin name

top_coin_defi_dominance
number
defi top coin dominance

Updated 10 months ago

Crypto Global Market Data
💼 Global Market Cap Chart Data
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1
curl --request GET \
2
     --url https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/global/decentralized_finance_defi \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json'

Try It!
RESPONSE
1
{
2
  "data": {
3
    "defi_market_cap": "105273842288.229620442228701667",
4
    "eth_market_cap": "406184911478.5772415794509920285",
5
    "defi_to_eth_ratio": "25.9177136602677348904422532573101031788841174510865443130135278",
6
    "trading_volume_24h": "5046503746.288261648853195485635",
7
    "defi_dominance": "3.8676503084614763642371703099489945457095080090859886",
8
    "top_coin_name": "Lido Staked Ether",
9
    "top_coin_defi_dominance": 30.589442518868
10
  }
11
}

💼 Global Market Cap Chart Data
get
https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/global/market_cap_chart
This endpoint allows you to query historical global market cap and volume data by number of days away from now

📘
Notes

CoinGecko equivalent page: https://www.coingecko.com/en/global-charts
Data Granularity (auto):
1 day from now = hourly data
2 days & above from now = daily data
Exclusive for all Paid Plan Subscribers (Analyst, Lite, Pro and Enterprise)
The last completed UTC day (00:00) is available


[User] How are the sender and receiver public keys represented in a Solana transfer instruction?

[Assistant]
In a Solana transfer instruction, the sender and receiver public keys are represented as part of the `keys` array in the `TransactionInstruction` object. Each public key is associated with two properties: `isSigner` and `isWritable`.

Here's how they are represented:

- **Sender Public Key**: This is the public key of the account that is sending the SOL. It is marked with `isSigner: true` to indicate that this account must sign the transaction. It is also marked with `isWritable: true` because the sender's account balance will be decreased.

- **Receiver Public Key**: This is the public key of the account that is receiving the SOL. It is marked with `isSigner: false` since the receiver does not need to sign the transaction. It is marked with `isWritable: true` because the receiver's account balance will be increased.

Here is an example of how the sender and receiver public keys are included in the transfer instruction:

```javascript
const transferInstruction = new TransactionInstruction({
  keys: [
    { pubkey: sender.publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: true }, // Sender
    { pubkey: receiver.publicKey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true }, // Receiver
  ],
  programId: SystemProgram.programId,
  data: instructionData,
});
```

In this code snippet:
- `sender.publicKey` is the public key of the sender's account.
- `receiver.publicKey` is the public key of the receiver's account.

This structure ensures that the transaction is properly authorized and that the necessary accounts are modified as intended during the transfer of SOL.

 0.01; // 0.01 SOL

// Instruction index for the SystemProgram transfer instruction
const transferInstructionIndex = 2;

// Create a buffer for the data to be passed to the transfer instruction
const instructionData = Buffer.alloc(4 + 8); // uint32 + uint64
// Write the instruction index to the buffer
instructionData.writeUInt32LE(transferInstructionIndex, 0);
// Write the transfer amount to the buffer
instructionData.writeBigUInt64LE(BigInt(transferAmount * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL), 4);

// Manually create a transfer instruction for transferring SOL from sender to receiver
const transferInstruction = new TransactionInstruction({
  keys: [
    { pubkey: sender.publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: true },
    { pubkey: receiver.publicKey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true },
  ],
  programId: SystemProgram.programId,
  data: instructionData,
});

// Add the transfer instruction to a new transaction
const transaction = new Transaction().add(transferInstruction);

Under the hood, the simple example using the SystemProgram.transfer method is functionally equivalent to the more verbose example above. The SystemProgram.transfer method simply abstracts away the details of creating the instruction data buffer and AccountMeta for each account required by the instruction.

Fees on Solana
The Solana blockchain has a few different types of fees and costs that are incurred to use the permissionless network. These can be segmented into a few specific types:

Transaction Fees - A fee to have


[User] How does Jupiter inform users about changes to its Privacy Policy regarding Personal Data?

[Assistant] Jupiter informs users about changes to its Privacy Policy regarding Personal Data by updating the Privacy Policy to reflect any changes in data processing practices. The updated policy will be made available to users upfront, allowing them the opportunity to provide consent, object to specific processing, or take other actions they are entitled to under the Regulation. Users are encouraged to review the Privacy Policy regularly, as continued access to and use of the Interface signifies their awareness of any amendments made.

re visitors to the Interface with regards to the Personal Data that they share and/or which is collected within Jupiter Interface. This Privacy Policy is not applicable to any Personal Data collected offline or via channels other than the Interface. Please read this Privacy Policy carefully to understand our policies and practices regarding your data and how it will be treated by the Interface.

IF YOU DO NOT HAVE THE RIGHT, POWER AND AUTHORITY TO ACT ON BEHALF OF AND BIND THE BUSINESS, ORGANIZATION, OR OTHER ENTITY YOU REPRESENT, PLEASE DO NOT ACCESS OR OTHERWISE USE THE INTERFACE. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN HOW WE USE COOKIES AND YOU CAN CHANGE YOUR COOKIE CHOICE, PLEASE SEE SECTION 5 “COOKIES AND AUTOMATICALLY-COLLECTED DATA”

1. Changes to this Agreement
If our data processing practices change, we will update this Privacy Policy accordingly to let you know of them upfront and give you a possibility to either provide your consent, object to a particular processing, or undertake other action you are entitled to under the Regulation. Please keep track of any changes we may introduce to this Privacy Policy. Your continued access to and use of the Interface constitutes your awareness of all amendments made to this Privacy Policy as of the date of your accessing and use of the Interface. Therefore, we encourage you to review this Privacy Policy regularly as you shall be bound by it. If, for some reason, you are not satisfied with our personal data processing practices, your imme


[User] What does the GET endpoint /ram-id-to-label in QuickNode return?

[Assistant] The GET endpoint `/ram-id-to-label` in QuickNode returns a hash, where the key is the program ID and the value is the label associated with that program ID.

ram-id-to-label	Jupiter Swap v6	GET	Returns a hash, whose key is the program id and value is the label
/tokens	Jupiter Swap v6	GET	Returns a list of all the tradable mints.
/markets	Jupiter Swap v6	POST	Add new markets to the Jupiter markets cache	✅
/new-pools	Jupiter Swap v6	GET	Returns recently deployed Solana liquidity pools and tokens	✅
/pump-fun/quote	Pump.fun	GET	Get the best priced quote on Pump.fun	✅
/pump-fun/swap	Pump.fun	POST	Returns a Solana transaction that you can use to swap on Pump.fun	✅
/pump-fun/swap-instructions	Pump.fun	POST	Returns Solana transaction instructions that you can use to swap on Pump.fun	✅
/limit-orders/create	Jupiter Limit Orders	POST	Get unsigned transactions needed to create a limit order	✅
/limit-orders/{pubkey}	Jupiter Limit Orders	GET	Returns the details of a specific limit order	✅
/limit-orders/cancel	Jupiter Limit Orders	POST	Get unsigned transactions needed to cancel a limit order	✅
/limit-orders/open	Jupiter Limit Orders	GET	Returns a list of all open limit orders associated to a wallet	✅
/limit-orders/fee	Jupiter Limit Orders	GET	Returns the fee in basis points Jupiter charges to fulfill orders	✅
/limit-orders/history	Jupiter Limit Orders	GET	Returns a list of all limit orders associated to a wallet	✅
/ws	Websockets	WS	Subscribe to receive a notification from the Jupiter API to get the best priced quote	✅
/ws	Websockets	WS	Subscribe to receive a notification from the Jupiter API you can use from the quote you get from /quote	✅
/we


[User] How does Solana handle fee payers in a transaction?

[Assistant]
In Solana, the fee payer is the account responsible for paying the transaction fees associated with a transaction. When constructing a transaction, you specify the fee payer explicitly. The fee payer's signature is required to authorize the transaction, and the fees are deducted from the fee payer's account balance.

Here’s how you can specify a fee payer in a transaction:

1. **Setting the Fee Payer**: When creating a transaction, you can set the fee payer using the `feePayer` property.

2. **Including the Fee Payer in the Transaction**: The fee payer must also be included in the list of signers when sending the transaction.

Here’s a code example demonstrating how to set a fee payer in a transaction:

```javascript
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  // Create a connection to the cluster
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // Create a fee payer account
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();

  // Create a transaction
  const transaction = new Transaction();

  // Add instructions to the transaction (for example, a transfer instruction)
  // transaction.add(...);

  // Set the fee payer
  transaction.feePayer = feePayer.publicKey;

  // Get recent blockhash
  const { blockhash } = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
  transaction.recentBlockhash = blockhash;

  // Sign and send the transaction
  const txhash = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [feePayer]);
  console.log(`Transaction hash: ${txhash}`);
})();
```

In this example:
- A connection to the Solana cluster is established.
- A new `Keypair` is created to act as the fee payer.
- The fee payer's public key is set as the `feePayer` of the transaction.
- The transaction is signed by the fee payer and sent to the network.

This ensures that the specified fee payer is responsible for covering the transaction fees.

, // connection
      feePayer, // payer
      tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
      mintPubkey, // mint
      alice, // owner
      1e8, // amount, if your decimals is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
      8,
    );
    console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
  }

  // or

  // 2) compose by yourself
  {
    let tx = new Transaction().add(
      createBurnCheckedInstruction(
        tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
        mintPubkey, // mint
        alice.publicKey, // owner of token account
        1e8, // amount, if your decimals is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
        8, // decimals
      ),
    );
    console.log(
      `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
        feePayer,
        alice /* fee payer + token authority */,
      ])}`,
    );
  }
})();

How to Close Token Accounts
You can close a token account if you don't want to use it anymore. There are two situations:

Wrapped SOL - Closing converts Wrapped SOL to SOL
Other Tokens - You can close it only if token account's balance is 0.
close-token-account.ts
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import { closeAccount, createCloseAccountInstruction } from "@solana/spl-token";
import bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(


[User] How does Jupiter ensure that there are no fees associated with its transactions?

[Assistant]
Jupiter ensures that there are no protocol fees associated with its transactions by not charging any fees for swaps conducted on its platform. This means that users can perform transactions without incurring any costs from Jupiter itself.

However, it is important to note that while Jupiter does not impose protocol fees, integrators (third-party platforms using the Jupiter API) have the option to introduce their own platform fees on swaps. These platform fees can be specified in basis points (bps). For example, an integrator might charge a fee of 20 bps, which equates to 0.2% of the token output.

In summary, Jupiter itself does not take any fees, but integrators can choose to implement their own fees for the services they provide.

pTransactionBuf = Buffer.from(swapTransaction, 'base64');
var transaction = VersionedTransaction.deserialize(swapTransactionBuf);
console.log(transaction);

// get address lookup table accounts
const addressLookupTableAccounts = await Promise.all(
  transaction.message.addressTableLookups.map(async (lookup) => {
    return new AddressLookupTableAccount({
      key: lookup.accountKey,
      state: AddressLookupTableAccount.deserialize(await connection.getAccountInfo(lookup.accountKey).then((res) => res.data)),
    });
  });
);
// console.log(addressLookupTableAccounts)

// decompile transaction message and add transfer instruction
var message = TransactionMessage.decompile(transaction.message,{addressLookupTableAccounts: addressLookupTableAccounts});
message.instructions.push(
  Token.createTransferInstruction(
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    userDestinationTokenAccount,
    merchantTokenAccount,
    wallet.publicKey,
    [],
    paymentAmount,
  ),
);

// compile the message and update the transaction
transaction.message = message.compileToV0Message(addressLookupTableAccounts);

// ...Send to Alice to sign then send the transaction

V4 Referral Program
cat_flying

There are no protocol fees on Jupiter, but integrators can introduce a platform fee on swaps. The platform fee is provided in basis points, e.g. 20 bps for 0.2% of the token output.

Zero Fees
Jupiter doesn't take any fees.

Usage
Jupiter API

With the Jupiter API, you can just add in the feeBps parameter to the Quote API


[User] In ChainStack, what is the expected response code when calling the getHighestSnapshotSlot method?

[Assistant] When calling the `getHighestSnapshotSlot` method in ChainStack, the expected response code is **200**. This indicates that the request was successful and the highest snapshot slot details will be returned in the response.

Defaults to getHighestSnapshotSlot
getHighestSnapshotSlot
params
array
Defaults to
Response

200
Highest snapshot slot details

Updated 11 months ago

getGenesisHash | Solana
getIdentity | Solana
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Language

Shell

Node

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Python
1
curl --request POST \
2
     --url https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/ \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
4
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
5
     --data '
6
{
7
  "id": 1,
8
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
9
  "method": "getHighestSnapshotSlot"
10
}
11
'

getIdentity | Solana
post
https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/
Solana getIdentity method
The Solana getIdentity method returns the identity public key of the current node.

This method provides the identity public key, which is a unique identifier for the node in the network. It is useful for distinguishing between different nodes in the network.

👍
Get you own node endpoint today

Start for free and get your app to production levels immediately. No credit card required.

You can sign up with your GitHub, X, Google, or Microsoft account.

Parameters
This method does not require any parameters.

Response
value — the identity public key of the current node.
Use case
A practical use case for getIdentity is to distinguish between different nodes in the network. This can be useful for network monitoring tools or other applications that need to display or make use of this information.

Try the


[User] What types of Bitcoin addresses does Magic Eden support for the maker's address?

[Assistant]
Magic Eden supports the following types of Bitcoin addresses for the maker's address:

1. Native SegWit
2. Taproot
3. P2SH (Pay-to-Script-Hash)

These formats allow for flexibility in the types of Bitcoin addresses that can be used when creating or managing orders on the platform.

ds
array of strings
required
Array of UUIDs of the orders to be cancelled; cannot be empty and maximum of 20.

string

ADD string
makerAddress
string
required
Maker's Bitcoin address, supporting native segwit, Taproot, or P2SH formats.

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3
makerPublicKey
string
required
Maker's Bitcoin public key, either a standard or x-only format.

Option 1

Option 2
Response

200
Successful response

Updated 8 months ago

Submit a signed PSBT for creating a rune sell order
Submit a signed message for cancelling a rune sell order
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Language

Shell

Node

Ruby

PHP

Python
1
curl --request POST \
2
     --url https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/ord/btc/runes/psbt/order/cancel \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
4
     --header 'content-type: application/json'

Try It!
RESPONSE
Click Try It! to start a request and see the response here! Or choose an example:
application/json

200

Submit a signed message for cancelling a rune sell order
post
https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/ord/btc/runes/order/cancel
Submit a signed message for cancelling a rune sell order

Log in to see full request history
time	status	user agent
Make a request to see history.

Body Params
Post Request Body for cancelling a rune sell order

signature
string
required
A BIP322 signed version of the message requested from /v2/ord/btc/runes/psbt/order/cancel

orderIds
array of strings
required
Array of UUIDs of the orders to be cancelled; cannot be empty and ma


[User] Can Jupiter transactions be serialized and how is this achieved in the provided code?

[Assistant]
Yes, Jupiter transactions can be serialized, and this is achieved in the provided code through the use of the `VersionedTransaction` class.

In the example, after fetching the serialized transaction data from the Jupiter API, the transaction is deserialized using the following steps:

1. **Fetch the Serialized Transaction**: The code makes a POST request to the Jupiter API to get the serialized transaction for the swap. The response includes a `swapTransaction` field that contains the transaction in a base64 encoded format.

   ```javascript
   const transactions = await (
     await fetch('https://quote-api.jup.ag/v4/swap', {
       method: 'POST',
       headers: {
         'Content-Type': 'application/json'
       },
       body: JSON.stringify({
         route: routes[0],
         userPublicKey: wallet.publicKey.toString(),
       })
     })
   ).json();

   const { swapTransaction } = transactions;
   ```

2. **Deserialize the Transaction**: The `swapTransaction` is then converted from a base64 string to a Buffer, which is subsequently deserialized into a `VersionedTransaction` object.

   ```javascript
   const swapTransactionBuf = Buffer.from(swapTransaction, 'base64');
   var transaction = VersionedTransaction.deserialize(swapTransactionBuf);
   console.log(transaction);
   ```

In summary, the serialization of Jupiter transactions is achieved by fetching the transaction data from the API, encoding it in base64, and then deserializing it back into a usable transaction format using the `VersionedTransaction.deserialize` method.

inationWallet argument, which Alice will verify, sign and send.

info
In the example bellow, we assume the associated token account exists on destinationWallet.

import { Token, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from '@solana/spl-token'; // version 0.1.x
import { PublicKey } from '@solana/web3.js';

const USDC_MINT = new PublicKey('EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v');
const paymentAmount = 5_000_000; // 5 USDC
const merchantWallet = new PublicKey('BUX7s2ef2htTGb2KKoPHWkmzxPj4nTWMWRgs5CSbQxf9');

// get serialized transactions for the swap
const transactions = await (
  await fetch('https://quote-api.jup.ag/v4/swap', {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      // route from /quote api
      route: routes[0],
      userPublicKey: wallet.publicKey.toString(),
    })
  })
).json();

const { swapTransaction } = transactions;

const userDestinationTokenAccount = Token.getAssociatedTokenAddress(
  ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  USDC_MINT,
  wallet.publicKey,
);
const merchantTokenAccount = Token.getAssociatedTokenAddress(
  ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  USDC_MINT,
  merchantWallet,
  // @ts-ignore
  true,
);

// deserialize the transaction
const swapTransactionBuf = Buffer.from(swapTransaction, 'base64');
var transaction = VersionedTransaction.deserialize(swapTransactionBuf);
console.log(transaction);

// get address lookup table accounts
const


[User] What does the 'frozen' status in the ownership field indicate about the asset's ownership in Helius?

[Assistant] In Helius, the 'frozen' status in the ownership field indicates that the asset's ownership is locked and cannot be transferred or modified. When an asset is marked as 'frozen', it means that the ownership is secured and no changes can be made to the ownership details until the frozen status is lifted. This is an important feature for ensuring the integrity and security of asset ownership within the Helius platform.

"mime": "image/png"
        }
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "attributes": [
          {
            "value": "Male",
            "trait_type": "Gender"
          },
          {
            "value": "King",
            "trait_type": "Type"
          }
        ],
        "description": "Fock it.",
        "name": "Mad Lads #8420",
        "symbol": "MAD"
      }
    },
    "authorities": [
      {
        "address": "2RtGg6fsFiiF1EQzHqbd66AhW7R5bWeQGpTbv2UMkCdW",
        "scopes": [
          "full"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "compression": {
      "eligible": false,
      "compressed": false,
      "data_hash": "",
      "creator_hash": "",
      "asset_hash": "",
      "tree": "",
      "seq": 0,
      "leaf_id": 0
    },
    "grouping": [
      {
        "group_key": "collection",
        "group_value": "J1S9H3QjnRtBbbuD4HjPV6RpRhwuk4zKbxsnCHuTgh9w"
      }
    ],
    "royalty": {
      "royalty_model": "creators",
      "target": null,
      "percent": 0.042,
      "basis_points": 420,
      "primary_sale_happened": true,
      "locked": false
    },
    "creators": [
      {
        "address": "5XvhfmRjwXkGp3jHGmaKpqeerNYjkuZZBYLVQYdeVcRv",
        "share": 0,
        "verified": true
      },
      {
        "address": "2RtGg6fsFiiF1EQzHqbd66AhW7R5bWeQGpTbv2UMkCdW",
        "share": 100,
        "verified": true
      }
    ],
    "ownership": {
      "frozen": true,
      "delegated": false,
      "delegate": null,
      "ownership_model": "single",
      "owner


[User] How can the result of the 'getRecentPrioritizationFees' method in Solana help users understand transaction costs?

[Assistant]
The `getRecentPrioritizationFees` RPC method in Solana provides users with valuable insights into transaction costs by returning a list of prioritization fees from recent blocks. This information is crucial for understanding how much users may need to pay to ensure their transactions are processed in a timely manner.

### Key Components of the Result

The result of the `getRecentPrioritizationFees` method includes an array of objects, each containing the following fields:

- **slot**: This is a `<u64>` value representing the specific slot in which the fee was observed. It helps users identify the time frame of the fee data.

- **prioritizationFee**: This is also a `<u64>` value indicating the per-compute-unit fee paid by at least one successfully landed transaction. The fee is specified in increments of micro-lamports (0.000001 lamports). This allows users to see the actual cost associated with processing transactions in recent blocks.

### Understanding Transaction Costs

By analyzing the prioritization fees returned by this method, users can:

1. **Gauge Current Network Conditions**: The fees reflect the current demand for transaction processing on the network. Higher fees may indicate congestion, while lower fees suggest a less busy network.

2. **Make Informed Decisions**: Users can decide how much to pay when submitting their transactions. If they see that recent prioritization fees are higher, they might choose to increase their fee to ensure their transaction is processed quickly.

3. **Track Trends Over Time**: By examining fees over different slots, users can track how transaction costs fluctuate over time, helping them to strategize their transaction submissions.

### Example Usage

Here’s how you can use the `getRecentPrioritizationFees` method with a `curl` command:

```bash
curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
{
  "jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1,
  "method": "getRecentPrioritizationFees"
}'
```

This command will return the prioritization fees for recent blocks, allowing users to analyze the data and understand the transaction costs better.

In summary, the `getRecentPrioritizationFees` method is a useful tool for users to assess transaction costs on the Solana network, enabling them to make informed decisions about their transaction submissions based on current network conditions.

": 126,
      "numNonVoteTransactions": 1,
      "samplePeriodSecs": 60,
      "slot": 348125
    },
    {
      "numSlots": 126,
      "numTransactions": 126,
      "numNonVoteTransactions": 1,
      "samplePeriodSecs": 60,
      "slot": 347999
    },
    {
      "numSlots": 125,
      "numTransactions": 125,
      "numNonVoteTransactions": 0,
      "samplePeriodSecs": 60,
      "slot": 347873
    },
    {
      "numSlots": 125,
      "numTransactions": 125,
      "numNonVoteTransactions": 0,
      "samplePeriodSecs": 60,
      "slot": 347748
    }
  ],
  "id": 1
}

getRecentPrioritizationFees RPC Method
Edit Page
Returns a list of prioritization fees from recent blocks.

Info
Currently, a node's prioritization-fee cache stores data from up to 150 blocks.

Parameters #
array optional

An array of Account addresses (up to a maximum of 128 addresses), as base-58 encoded strings

Info
If this parameter is provided, the response will reflect a fee to land a transaction locking all of the provided accounts as writable.

Result #
An array of RpcPrioritizationFee<object> with the following fields:

slot: <u64> - slot in which the fee was observed
prioritizationFee: <u64> - the per-compute-unit fee paid by at least one successfully landed transaction, specified in increments of micro-lamports (0.000001 lamports)
Code sample #
curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1,
    "method": "getRecentPrioritizationF


[User] When performing a 'getBlock' call in ChainStack, what value do you need to provide?

[Assistant]
When performing a 'getBlock' call in ChainStack, you need to provide the slot number as a value in the `getBlock` call.

Here is an example of how to structure the `getBlock` call using the slot number:

```shell
curl --request POST \
     --url https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/ \
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
     --data '
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getBlock",
  "params": [
    311115149  // Replace this with the actual slot number you want to query
  ]
}'
```

In this example, `311115149` is the slot number that you would provide in the `params` array of the request.

  }
' | jq '.'
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "context": {
      "apiVersion": "2.0.18",
      "slot": 311115149
    },
    "value": {
      "blockhash": "AAU3aKZUQbddu7Q6sP8sggmQme7B9H1FAZvjVvkz5MZq",
      "lastValidBlockHeight": 289442306
    }
  },
  "id": 1
}

Again, note that the slot number "slot": 311115149 and "lastValidBlockHeight": 289442306are about 22 million blocks apart.

If you are learning the Solana inner workings and check block 289442306 in the explorer, you will see that the block until which your pending transaction is supposed to stay valid is about 4 months in the past from the time of the call. How is that possible?

A transaction lives in the pool of pending transactions before it gets picked up by a validator for 150 blocks (not slots!) before it gets dropped.

So when doing a getLatestBlockheight call, you get the lastValidBlockHeight value that is determined by the current block height (current latest block at the time of the call, and not the slot height) + 150 blocks.

For our example, let's do a getBlock call, the naming of which confuses things even further as you actually need to provide the slot number as a value in the getBlock call:

Shell

 % curl --request POST \
     --url https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/ \
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
     --data '
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getBlock",
  "params": [
    31111514


[User] How do I specify the starting slot when using Solana's 'getSlotLeaders' method?

[Assistant]
To specify the starting slot when using Solana's `getSlotLeaders` method, you need to include the desired slot number as the first parameter in the request. The second parameter specifies the number of leaders you want to retrieve.

Here’s an example of how to query the next 10 leaders starting from slot #100:

```bash
curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc":"2.0", "id": 1,
    "method": "getSlotLeaders",
    "params": [100, 10]
  }
'
```

In this example:
- The first parameter `100` is the starting slot.
- The second parameter `10` indicates that you want to retrieve the next 10 leaders starting from that slot.

string]> - array of Node identity public keys as base-58 encoded strings

Code sample #
If the current slot is #99 - query the next 10 leaders with the following request:

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc":"2.0", "id": 1,
    "method": "getSlotLeaders",
    "params": [100, 10]
  }
'

Response #
The first leader returned is the leader for slot #100:

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": [
    "ChorusmmK7i1AxXeiTtQgQZhQNiXYU84ULeaYF1EH15n",
    "ChorusmmK7i1AxXeiTtQgQZhQNiXYU84ULeaYF1EH15n",
    "ChorusmmK7i1AxXeiTtQgQZhQNiXYU84ULeaYF1EH15n",
    "ChorusmmK7i1AxXeiTtQgQZhQNiXYU84ULeaYF1EH15n",
    "Awes4Tr6TX8JDzEhCZY2QVNimT6iD1zWHzf1vNyGvpLM",
    "Awes4Tr6TX8JDzEhCZY2QVNimT6iD1zWHzf1vNyGvpLM",
    "Awes4Tr6TX8JDzEhCZY2QVNimT6iD1zWHzf1vNyGvpLM",
    "Awes4Tr6TX8JDzEhCZY2QVNimT6iD1zWHzf1vNyGvpLM",
    "DWvDTSh3qfn88UoQTEKRV2JnLt5jtJAVoiCo3ivtMwXP",
    "DWvDTSh3qfn88UoQTEKRV2JnLt5jtJAVoiCo3ivtMwXP"
  ],
  "id": 1
}

getStakeMinimumDelegation RPC Method
Edit Page
Returns the stake minimum delegation, in lamports.

Parameters #
object optional

Configuration object containing the following fields:

commitment string optional

Result #
The result will be an RpcResponse JSON object with value equal to:

<u64> - The stake minimum delegation, in lamports
Code sample #
curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1,
    "method": "getStakeMinimumD


[User] What are the mandatory body parameters required for the getMaxRetransmitSlot method in Alchemy?

[Assistant]
For the `getMaxRetransmitSlot` method in Alchemy, the mandatory body parameters required are:

1. **id** (integer) - Defaults to 1.
2. **jsonrpc** (string) - Defaults to "2.0".
3. **method** (string) - Defaults to "getMaxRetransmitSlot".

Here is an example of how to structure the request body:

```json
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getMaxRetransmitSlot"
}
```

These parameters are necessary for making a valid request to the API.

stage.

Path Params
apiKey
string
required
Defaults to docs-demo
For higher throughput, create your own API key

docs-demo
Body Params
id
integer
Defaults to 1
1
jsonrpc
string
Defaults to 2.0
2.0
method
string
Defaults to getMaxRetransmitSlot
getMaxRetransmitSlot

curl --request POST \
     --url https://solana-mainnet.g.alchemy.com/v2/docs-demo \
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
     --data '
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getMaxRetransmitSlot"
}
'

Response

200
Response body
object
id
integer
jsonrpc
string
result
string
u64 - Slot.

getMaxShredInsertSlot
post
https://{network}.g.alchemy.com/v2/{apiKey}
Get the max slot seen from after shred insert..

Path Params
apiKey
string
required
Defaults to docs-demo
For higher throughput, create your own API key

docs-demo
Body Params
id
integer
Defaults to 1
1
jsonrpc
string
Defaults to 2.0
2.0
method
string
Defaults to getMaxShredInsertSlot
getMaxShredInsertSlot

curl --request POST \
     --url https://solana-mainnet.g.alchemy.com/v2/docs-demo \
     --header 'accept: application/json' \
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
     --data '
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getMaxShredInsertSlot"
}
'

Response

200
Response body
object
id
integer
jsonrpc
string
result
string
u64 - Slot.

getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption
post
https://{network}.g.alchemy.com/v2/{apiKey}
Returns minimum balance required to make account rent exempt.

P


[User] Can you explain the significance of the 'jsonrpc' field in the request body for ChainStack's Solana RPC methods?

[Assistant]
The 'jsonrpc' field in the request body for ChainStack's Solana RPC methods indicates the version of the JSON-RPC protocol being used. In the context of the provided documentation, the 'jsonrpc' field is set to "2.0", which is the current version of the JSON-RPC protocol.

This field is significant because it ensures that the server understands the format and structure of the request being sent. The JSON-RPC protocol defines how remote procedure calls are made, including how requests and responses are structured. By specifying the version, clients can ensure compatibility with the server's expected protocol version, which helps avoid errors in communication.

For example, a typical request body for invoking a method might look like this:

```json
{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "getGenesisHash"
}
```

In this example:
- `id` is an integer that can be used to match requests with responses.
- `jsonrpc` specifies the version of the JSON-RPC protocol being used, which is "2.0".
- `method` indicates the specific RPC method being called, in this case, "getGenesisHash".

Overall, the 'jsonrpc' field is crucial for ensuring that both the client and server are aligned on the protocol being used for communication.

plication/json' \
4
     --header 'content-type: application/json' \
5
     --data '
6
{
7
  "id": 1,
8
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
9
  "method": "getGenesisHash"
10
}
11
'

getHighestSnapshotSlot | Solana
post
https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/
Solana getHighestSnapshotSlot method
The Solana getHighestSnapshotSlot method returns the highest slot that the node has a snapshot for.

This method provides the highest slot that the node has stored a snapshot for. It is useful for determining the most recent point that the node can be bootstrapped from.

👍
Get you own node endpoint today

Start for free and get your app to production levels immediately. No credit card required.

You can sign up with your GitHub, X, Google, or Microsoft account.

Parameters
This method does not require any parameters.

Response
value — the highest slot that the node has a snapshot for.
Use case
A practical use case for getHighestSnapshotSlot is to determine the most recent point that the node can be bootstrapped from. This can be useful for network monitoring tools or other applications that need to display or make use of this information.

Try the getHighestSnapshotSlot RPC method yourself
Body Params
id
integer
Defaults to 1
1
jsonrpc
string
Defaults to 2.0
2.0
method
string
Defaults to getHighestSnapshotSlot
getHighestSnapshotSlot
params
array
Defaults to
Response

200
Highest snapshot slot details

Updated 11 months ago

getGenesisHash | Solana
getIdentity | Solana
Did


[User] How does the @coral-xyz/anchor library simplify interactions with Solana programs?

[Assistant]
The `@coral-xyz/anchor` library simplifies interactions with Solana programs by providing a TypeScript client library that abstracts many of the complexities involved in communicating with Solana smart contracts (programs). Here are some key features that contribute to this simplification:

1. **IDL Integration**: The library allows you to create an instance of a Program using an Interface Definition Language (IDL) file generated by Anchor. This IDL describes the program's structure, including its instructions and accounts, making it easier to interact with the program without needing to manually handle the underlying data formats.

2. **AnchorProvider**: The `AnchorProvider` combines the connection to a Solana cluster (like localhost, devnet, or mainnet) with a wallet for signing transactions. This abstraction streamlines the setup process for connecting to the blockchain and managing wallet interactions.

3. **Type Safety**: Since the library is built with TypeScript, it provides type safety, which helps catch errors at compile time rather than runtime. This feature enhances developer productivity and reduces the likelihood of bugs.

4. **Convenient Methods**: The library provides convenient methods for sending transactions, handling accounts, and calling program instructions, which reduces the amount of boilerplate code developers need to write.

### Example of Using the Library

Here is a basic example of how to set up the `@coral-xyz/anchor` library to interact with a Solana program:

```javascript
import { Program, AnchorProvider, setProvider } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { useAnchorWallet, useConnection } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react";

// Assuming you have an IDL file for your program
import idl from './path/to/your/idl.json';

const programId = new PublicKey("YourProgramPublicKeyHere");

const MyComponent = () => {
    const wallet = useAnchorWallet();
    const { connection } = useConnection();

    // Set up the AnchorProvider
    const provider = new AnchorProvider(connection, wallet, { commitment: "confirmed" });
    setProvider(provider);

    // Create an instance of the Program
    const program = new Program(idl, programId, provider);

    // Now you can call program methods, send transactions, etc.
};
```

This example demonstrates how to initialize the `AnchorProvider` and create a `Program` instance, allowing you to easily interact with your Solana program using the methods provided by the `@coral-xyz/anchor` library.

237],
       ...
    }
  ]

The discriminator for an instruction is the first 8 bytes of the Sha256 hash of the prefix global plus the instruction name.

For example:

sha256("global:initialize")

Hexadecimal output:

af af 6d 1f 0d 98 9b ed d4 6a 95 07 32 81 ad c2 1b b5 e0 e1 d7 73 b2 fb bd 7a b5 04 cd d4 aa 30

The first 8 bytes are used as the discriminator for the instruction.

af = 175
af = 175
6d = 109
1f = 31
0d = 13
98 = 152
9b = 155
ed = 237

You can find the implementation of the discriminator generation in the Anchor codebase here, which is used here.

JS/TS Client
Anchor provides a Typescript client library (@coral-xyz/anchor) that simplifies the process of interacting with Solana programs from the client in JavaScript or TypeScript.

Client Program #
To use the client library, first create an instance of a Program using the IDL file generated by Anchor.

Creating an instance of the Program requires the program's IDL and an AnchorProvider. An AnchorProvider is an abstraction that combines two things:

Connection - the connection to a Solana cluster (i.e. localhost, devnet, mainnet)
Wallet - (optional) a default wallet used to pay and sign transactions
Frontend/Node
Test File
When integrating with a frontend using the wallet adapter, you'll need to set up the AnchorProvider and Program.

import { Program, AnchorProvider, setProvider } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { useAnchorWallet, useConnection } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react";
import type { HelloAnchor


[User] What is the purpose of the 'Connection' object in Solana?

[Assistant]
The `Connection` object in Solana is used to interact with the Solana blockchain. It establishes a connection to a specific cluster (such as devnet, testnet, or mainnet) and allows users to send requests and receive responses from the blockchain.

Here are some key purposes of the `Connection` object:

1. **Cluster Interaction**: It connects to a specified Solana cluster, enabling users to perform operations like querying account information, sending transactions, and more.

2. **Request Handling**: The `Connection` object facilitates sending requests to the blockchain and receiving responses, which is essential for any interaction with the Solana network.

3. **Confirmation Levels**: It allows specifying the confirmation level for transactions, which determines how many confirmations are required before a transaction is considered finalized.

### Example of Creating a Connection

Here’s a simple code example demonstrating how to create a `Connection` object:

```javascript
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl } from '@solana/web3.js';

// Create a connection to the devnet cluster
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

// Now you can use the connection object to interact with the blockchain
```

In this example, the `Connection` object is created to connect to the devnet cluster with a confirmation level of "confirmed". This setup is essential for performing any blockchain operations, such as querying account balances or sending transactions.

on = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  const mint = new PublicKey("54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb");

  let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
    mint: mint,
  });

  response.value.forEach(accountInfo => {
    console.log(`pubkey: ${accountInfo.pubkey.toBase58()}`);
    console.log(`mint: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["mint"]}`);
    console.log(
      `owner: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["owner"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `decimals: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["decimals"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `amount: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["amount"]}`,
    );
    console.log("====================");
  });
})();

How to create an NFT
To create an NFT you have to:

Upload the image to IPFS like Arweave
Upload the JSON metadata to Arweave or similar storage service.
Call metaplex to create an account for the NFT
Upload to Arweave #
upload-to-arweave.ts
import fs from "node:fs";
import Arweave from "arweave";

(async () => {
  const arweave = Arweave.init({
    host: "localhost",
    port: 1984,
    protocol: "http",
    timeout: 20000,
    logging: false,
  });

  const host = arweave.getConfig().api.host;
  const port = arweave.getConfig().api.port;
  const protocol = arweave.getConfig().api.protocol;

  // Upload image to