[User] What is the significance of the `bump` variable in the Solana code example?

[Assistant]
In the provided Solana code example, the `bump` variable is significant because it is used as part of the process to derive a Program Derived Address (PDA). PDAs are special addresses that are generated by a program and are not associated with a private key. They are commonly used in Solana to create accounts that are controlled by a specific program.

Here’s how the `bump` variable plays a role in the code:

1. **Deriving the PDA**: The `bump` is a single byte that is used to ensure that the derived address is unique. When creating a PDA, you typically use a seed (in this case, the payer's public key) and the `bump` to derive the address. The `bump` helps to create different PDAs even if the same seed is used.

2. **Invoke Signed**: In the `invoke_signed` function, the `bump` is included in the seeds array. This is crucial because it allows the program to verify that the PDA was derived correctly. The combination of the seed and the `bump` ensures that the PDA can only be generated by the program that knows the seed and the bump value.

Here’s the relevant part of the code where `bump` is used:

```rust
let bump = instruction_data[1];

invoke_signed(
    &system_instruction::create_account(
        &payer_account_info.key,
        &pda_account_info.key,
        rent_lamports,
        space.into(),
        program_id
    ),
    &[
        payer_account_info.clone(),
        pda_account_info.clone()
    ],
    &[&[&payer_account_info.key.as_ref(), &[bump]]]
)?;
```

In summary, the `bump` variable is essential for the secure and unique derivation of PDAs in Solana programs, ensuring that the addresses generated are valid and can be verified by the program.

rent::Rent, Sysvar}
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let payer_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let pda_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let rent_sysvar_account_info = &Rent::from_account_info(next_account_info(account_info_iter)?)?;

    // find space and minimum rent required for account
    let space = instruction_data[0];
    let bump = instruction_data[1];
    let rent_lamports = rent_sysvar_account_info.minimum_balance(space.into());

    invoke_signed(
        &system_instruction::create_account(
            &payer_account_info.key,
            &pda_account_info.key,
            rent_lamports,
            space.into(),
            program_id
        ),
        &[
            payer_account_info.clone(),
            pda_account_info.clone()
        ],
        &[&[&payer_account_info.key.as_ref(), &[bump]]]
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Client #
create-pda.ts
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  PublicKey,
  TransactionInstruction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  // program id
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN",
  );

  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("d


[User] How does Bitquery define and differentiate between internal and external sequence numbers in transaction data?

[Assistant]
In Bitquery, the differentiation between internal and external sequence numbers in transaction data is as follows:

- **ExternalSeqNumber**: This refers to the sequence number that is visible externally and is typically used to identify the order of transactions as they are processed on the blockchain. It is a unique identifier for transactions from the perspective of the blockchain network.

- **InternalSeqNumber**: This is the sequence number that is used internally within the program or application. It may not be visible externally and is used for internal tracking of transactions or operations within the system.

Both sequence numbers serve to maintain the order of transactions, but they are used in different contexts—external for blockchain-level tracking and internal for application-specific tracking.

This distinction helps in understanding how transactions are managed both on the blockchain and within the application logic.

Index
        Data
        Depth
        ExternalSeqNumber
        InternalSeqNumber
        Index
        Logs
        Program {
          AccountNames
          Arguments {
            Name
            Type
            Value {
              ... on Solana_ABI_Integer_Value_Arg {
                integer
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_String_Value_Arg {
                string
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_Address_Value_Arg {
                address
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_BigInt_Value_Arg {
                bigInteger
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_Bytes_Value_Arg {
                hex
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_Boolean_Value_Arg {
                bool
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_Float_Value_Arg {
                float
              }
              ... on Solana_ABI_Json_Value_Arg {
                json
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      Block {
        Time
      }
    }
  }
}

Track Latest Cancel Expired Limit Order Transactions on Jupiter
To track the latest cancel expired limit order transactions happened on Jupiter Limit Order Program, we will utilize the Solana instructions API/Websocket.

To know which instruction method is used for canceling expired limit orders, we use this API. We will specifically look for the latest instructions from Jupiter's Limit Order program, identified by the program address jupoNjAxXgZ4rjzxzPMP4ox


[User] In the CoinGecko API response, what details are provided about the token's social media presence?

[Assistant]
In the CoinGecko API response, the details provided about the token's social media presence include the following attributes:

1. **Twitter Handle**: This is represented by the attribute `twitter_handle`. For example, in the response, the Twitter handle for Tether (USDT) is `"Tether_to"`.

2. **Discord URL**: This is represented by the attribute `discord_url`. In the provided response, this value is `null`, indicating that there is no Discord presence for the token.

3. **Telegram Handle**: This is represented by the attribute `telegram_handle`. Similar to Discord, this value is also `null` in the response, indicating that there is no Telegram presence for the token.

These attributes help users identify the token's presence on social media platforms. Here's a snippet of the relevant part of the response:

```json
{
  "discord_url": null,
  "telegram_handle": null,
  "twitter_handle": "Tether_to"
}
```

ring
required
token contract address

Response

200
Get specific token info on a network

Response body
object
data
object
id
string
type
string
attributes
object

attributes object
Updated about 1 month ago

Tokens Data by Token Addresses
Pool Tokens Info by Pool Address
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Language

Shell

Node

Ruby

PHP

Python
Credentials
x-cg-pro-api-key

Log in to use your API keys
1
curl --request GET \
2
     --url https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/onchain/networks/network/tokens/address/info \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json'

Try It!
RESPONSE
1
{
2
  "data": {
3
    "id": "eth_0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7",
4
    "type": "token",
5
    "attributes": {
6
      "address": "0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7",
7
      "name": "Tether USD",
8
      "symbol": "USDT",
9
      "image_url": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/small/Tether.png?1696501661",
10
      "coingecko_coin_id": "tether",
11
      "websites": [
12
        "https://tether.to/"
13
      ],
14
      "description": "Tether (USDT) is a cryptocurrency with a value meant to mirror the value of the U.S. dollar...",
15
      "gt_score": 92.6605504587156,
16
      "discord_url": null,
17
      "telegram_handle": null,
18
      "twitter_handle": "Tether_to",
19
      "categories": [],
20
      "gt_categories_id": []
21
    }
22
  }
23
}

Pool Tokens Info by Pool Address
get
https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/onchain/networks/{network}/pools/{pool_address}/inf


[User] What is the purpose of the 'confirmationStatus' in Tatum's transaction response?

[Assistant]
The `confirmationStatus` in Tatum's transaction response indicates the cluster confirmation status of a transaction. It can have one of three values:

1. **processed**: This means the transaction has been processed by the Solana cluster.
2. **confirmed**: This indicates that the transaction has been confirmed by the network.
3. **finalized**: This signifies that the transaction has been finalized, meaning it is part of the blockchain and cannot be reverted.

This status helps users understand the current state of their transaction in the blockchain process.

ull if transaction succeeded.
confirmationStatus: The transaction's cluster confirmation status; Either processed, confirmed, or finalized.
DEPRECATED: status: Transaction status object
"Ok": Transaction was successful
"Err": Transaction failed with TransactionError
JSON-RPC Request Example
JSON

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "getSignatureStatuses",
  "params": [
    ["4CgnQtRfnUekfn21meTyHYvoAc6pBYK3DhimeiZL6a6o2QXMTHqDomninDkaZLmSfdiEzZfyfLGN4mrDvs8HmnBh"],
    {
      "searchTransactionHistory": true
    }
  ]
}
JSON-RPC Response Example
JSON

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "context": {
      "slot": 82
    },
    "value": [
      {
        "slot": 48,
        "confirmations": null,
        "err": null,
        "status": {
          "Ok": null
        },
        "confirmationStatus": "finalized"
      },
      null
    ]
  },
  "id": 1
}

getblockproduction
Solana RPC

Archive Method
Only on the full archive nodes. Complex queries might take longer and incur additional cost

How to Use It
JavaScript

// yarn add @tatumio/tatum

import { TatumSDK, Solana, Network } from '@tatumio/tatum'

const tatum = (await TatumSDK.init) < Solana > { network: Network.SOLANA }

const res = await tatum.rpc.getBlockProduction()

await tatum.destroy() // Destroy Tatum SDK - needed for stopping background jobs
Overview
The getBlockProduction method provides information about the recent block production from the current or previous epoch. This can be used to monitor the


[User] Which command is used to install the jsonrpcclient package in Python as per QuickNode?

[Assistant]
To install the `jsonrpcclient` package in Python as per QuickNode, you can use the following command:

```bash
pip install jsonrpcclient
```

s dependencies like so:

pip install solana cachetools

Rust (HTTP)
Rust is a systems programming language designed for performance, memory safety, and concurrency. It provides a modern alternative to languages like C and C++. To install Rust on your system, you can visit the official Rust website for installation instructions.

Once Rust is installed, configure your project's dependencies by updating the Cargo.toml file with the following:

[dependencies]
reqwest = "0.11"
serde_json = "1.0"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }

To execute your Rust code, use the command:

cargo run

JsonRpcClient
Generate JSON-RPC requests and parse responses in Python. Install it using the following command:

pip install jsonrpcclient

Requests
Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings. Install it using the following command:

python -m pip install requests

Axios
Axios is a promise-based HTTP Client for node.js and the browser. On the server-side it uses the native node.js http module, while on the client (browser) it uses XMLHttpRequests. Install it using the following command:

npm install axios

WebSocket cat (wscat)
WebSocket cat (wscat) is a simple tool for connecting to WebSocket APIs in your terminal. Install it using the following command:

npm install -g wscat

API Credits
Usage in our pricing plans is measured in API Credits. To learn more about the API Credits for Solana, please visit this page.

WebSocket Limits
WebSocket respon


[User] What happens to the purchased tokens after each order transaction on Jupiter?

[Assistant]
After each order transaction on Jupiter, the purchased tokens are automatically transferred to your wallet within the same transaction of each order.

For example, if you choose to dollar-cost average (DCA) $900 USDC over 3 days into SOL, you will receive the purchased tokens as follows:

- On Day 1, if you swap $300 USDC for SOL, the tokens will be transferred to your wallet immediately after the transaction is executed.
- On Day 2, you will again receive $300 USDC worth of SOL in your wallet automatically after the transaction.
- This process continues for each subsequent order, ensuring that the purchased tokens are available in your wallet right after each transaction is completed.

This automatic transfer ensures that you have immediate access to the tokens you purchase with each order.

ction to swap the next $300 USDC for SOL will take place approximately 24 hours later after the initial transaction.
Your third or last transaction to swap the remaining $300 USDC for SOL will take place approximately 24 hours after the second order and so on and so forth.
The amount of SOL you receive depends on the price at the point in time when the transaction executes.

Continuing with the previous example:

During the first order, if the price of SOL is $20 USDC / SOL, you will receive 300 / 20 = 15 SOL.
During the second order, if the price of SOL is $25 USDC / SOL , you will receive 300 / 25 = 12 SOL.
During the third order, if the price of SOL is $15 USDC / SOL, you will receive 300 / 15 = 20 SOL.
There is a platform fee of 0.1% for Jupiter DCA. This fee is applied at time of order/ transaction execution. With the previous example:

For the first order, instead of receiving 15 SOL, 15 * (100 - 0.1) % = 14.985 SOL, user will receive 14.985 SOL.
For the second order, 12 * (100 - 0.1) % = 11.988 SOL, user will receive 11.988 SOL.
Automatic Transfer of Purchased Tokens on every order
You will receive purchased tokens in your wallet within the same transaction of each order.

As an example, you choose to DCA $900 USDC over 3 days into SOL.

On Day 1, you will receive $300 USDC worth of SOL in your wallet automatically. If the price of SOL is $30 USDC / SOL, you will receive 9.97 SOL (net of fees) in your wallet.
On Day 2, you will receive $300 USDC worth of SOL in your wa


[User] Can users from jurisdictions subject to specific laws access Pump Portal?

[Assistant]
No, users from jurisdictions subject to specific laws that prohibit access to Pump Portal cannot access the platform. According to the documentation, you may not use the Interface if you are barred from doing so under applicable law. Additionally, you are responsible for adhering to all laws and regulations applicable to your use or access to the Interface. If accessing or using Pump Portal would be contrary to the law or regulation of your jurisdiction, you are not permitted to do so.

Furthermore, Pump Portal reserves the right to limit the availability of its Interface to any person, geographic area, or jurisdiction at its sole discretion.

ARE RESOLVED.

1. Eligibility
General. You may not use the Interface if you are otherwise barred from using the Interface under applicable law.

Legality. You are solely responsible for adhering to all laws and regulations applicable to you and your use or access to the Interface. Your use of the Interface is prohibited by and otherwise violate or facilitate the violation of any applicable laws or regulations, or contribute to or facilitate any illegal activity.

By using or accessing the Interface, you represent to us that you are not subject to sanctions or otherwise designated on any list of prohibited or restricted parties or excluded or denied persons, including but not limited to the lists maintained by the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or its Member States, or any other government authority.

We make no representations or warranties that the information, products, or services provided through our Interface, are appropriate for access or use in other jurisdictions. You are not permitted to access or use our Interface in any jurisdiction or country if it would be contrary to the law or regulation of that jurisdiction or if it would subject us to the laws of, or any registration requirement with, such jurisdiction. We reserve the right to limit the availability of our Interface to any person, geographic area, or jurisdiction, at any time and at our sole and absolute discretion.

Prohibited Localities. PumpPortal does not interact with digital wallets


[User] What does the response format look like when using Tatum's getMultipleAccounts method?

[Assistant]
When using Tatum's `getMultipleAccounts` method, the response format is a JSON object that contains an array of values corresponding to the requested public keys. Each entry in the array can either be `null` or an object containing account data.

Here’s a breakdown of the response format:

- If the account at a specified public key does not exist, the corresponding entry in the array will be `null`.
- If the account exists, the entry will be a JSON object with the following structure:

```json
{
  "data": [string, encoding] | object
}
```

### Example Response

Assuming you requested information for two public keys, the response might look like this:

```json
[
  {
    "data": "base64_encoded_data_here"
  },
  null
]
```

In this example:
- The first entry contains the account data encoded in base64.
- The second entry is `null`, indicating that the account for the second public key does not exist.

This format allows you to easily identify which accounts were successfully fetched and which were not.

m.rpc.getMultipleAccounts(accounts)

await tatum.destroy() // Destroy Tatum SDK - needed for stopping background jobs
Overview
The getMultipleAccounts RPC method fetches information about multiple accounts. This is handy when you need to retrieve data about multiple accounts simultaneously, such as for a portfolio management application or a multi-account wallet.

Parameters
The getMultipleAccounts method accepts an array of public keys and an optional GetMultipleAccountsOptions object:

publicKeys(array of strings, required): An array of public keys of the accounts to be fetched.
Example: ["accountPubkey1", "accountPubkey2"]
options (object, optional): Configuration object containing the following fields:
commitment (string, optional): Specifies the confirmation level of data to be fetched.
Values: finalized confirmed processed
minContextSlot (number, optional): The minimum slot to include in the response.
Example: 1000
dataSlice (object, optional): The range of data to include in the response.
offset (number, optional): The starting index of the data slice.
Example: 0
length (number, optional): The length of the data slice.
Example: 100
encoding (string, optional): The encoding for the account data.
Values: base58 base64 base64+zstd jsonParsed
Return object
The result will be a JSON object with value equal to an array of:

null - if the account at that Pubkey doesn't exist, or
object - a JSON object containing:
data: [string, encoding]|object - data associated with the acc


[User] Can you explain how fee earnings work in Meteora's Dynamic Pools? Are they separate from the deposits?

[Assistant]
In Meteora's Dynamic Pools, fee earnings are not separate from your deposits. When you provide liquidity (LP) to a Dynamic Pool, the fees earned from trades are compounded within the pool itself. This means that when you withdraw your liquidity, you are withdrawing both your original deposits and the fees earned during the time your assets were in the pool.

To summarize:
- Fee earnings are integrated with your deposits.
- When you withdraw, you receive your liquidity plus any fees earned.

This compounding nature of fees means that the total value you receive upon withdrawal will include both the original assets you deposited and the additional value generated from trading fees, as long as the value of the assets has not changed significantly since your deposit.

 the ratio of assets back to 1:1.

If you want to deposit certain amounts into the pool other than the default pool ratio, you can turn off balanced deposit and deposit the specific amount you want.

1 USDT-USDC is the LP token of the pool and e.g. 1 USDT-USDC ≈ 1.06 USD is the virtual price of the pool.

How to track your earnings for a Dynamic Pool?
After you deposit into a pool, go to the Withdraw tab, click max withdraw and record how many assets you will get back along with the exchange rate. It is also helpful to record the price/exchange rate between the two tokens at the time of the deposit.

Anytime you want to check your earnings, go to the Withdraw tab repeat the steps above.

Important notes about LPing

When you LP, you are offering up your assets so traders can swap back and forth. You will not get back the same ratio of assets unless you withdraw at the same price as when you deposited in the pool. As long as both assets do not decline/rise in value from the time you deposit, you should get the same total value + fees when you withdraw as when you deposited.

With Dynamic Pools the fee earnings are compounding in the pool and are not separate from your deposits. So when you withdraw, you are withdrawing your liquidity + fees earned.

When you deposit, you get an LP tokens that represent your share of liquidity in the Dynamic Pool. The number of LP tokens doesn't change unless you deposit or withdraw from the pool.

The exchange rate in the withdraw screen is t


[User] What is the significance of using 'recentBlockhash' in a Solana transaction?

[Assistant]
In Solana, the `recentBlockhash` is a crucial component of a transaction. It serves several important purposes:

1. **Transaction Validity**: The `recentBlockhash` indicates the state of the ledger at a specific point in time. When a transaction is created, it includes the `recentBlockhash` to ensure that the transaction is valid and can be processed. If the `recentBlockhash` is outdated (i.e., if it refers to a block that is no longer recent), the transaction will be rejected by the network.

2. **Preventing Replay Attacks**: By including the `recentBlockhash`, Solana helps prevent replay attacks. A replay attack occurs when a valid transaction is maliciously or accidentally broadcasted again. Since the `recentBlockhash` changes with each new block, transactions that include an outdated `recentBlockhash` cannot be replayed.

3. **Transaction Processing**: The `recentBlockhash` is used by validators to determine the order of transactions. It helps in maintaining the consistency and integrity of the blockchain by ensuring that transactions are processed in the correct sequence.

Here is a code snippet that demonstrates how to include the `recentBlockhash` in a transaction:

```javascript
const { Connection, Transaction, SystemProgram, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } = require("@solana/web3.js");

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();

  // Airdrop SOL to feePayer
  await connection.confirmTransaction(
    await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL),
  );

  // Get the recent blockhash
  const { blockhash: recentBlockhash } = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();

  // Create a transaction
  const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.transfer({
      fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
      toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey, // Replace with actual recipient
      lamports: LAMPORTS_PER_SOL / 100, // Transfer a small amount
    })
  );

  // Set the recent blockhash and fee payer
  transaction.recentBlockhash = recentBlockhash;
  transaction.feePayer = feePayer.publicKey;

  // Sign and send the transaction (additional steps required)
})();
```

In this example, the `recentBlockhash` is fetched from the connection and included in the transaction to ensure its validity and prevent replay attacks.

  return {
    transaction: new VersionedTransaction(
      new TransactionMessage({
        instructions,
        recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
        payerKey: signer.publicKey,
      }).compileToV0Message(lookupTables),
    ),
    recentBlockhash,
  };
}

Offline Transactions
Sign Transaction #
To create an offline transaction, you have to sign the transaction and then anyone can broadcast it on the network.

sign-transaction.ts
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  Message,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as nacl from "tweetnacl";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

// to complete a offline transaction, I will separate them into four steps
// 1. Create Transaction
// 2. Sign Transaction
// 3. Recover Transaction
// 4. Send Transaction

(async () => {
  // create connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // create a example tx, alice transfer to bob and feePayer is `feePayer`
  // alice and feePayer are signer in this tx
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  await connection.confirmTransaction(
    await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL),
  );
  const alice = Keypair.generate();
  await connection.confirmTransaction(
    await connection.requestAirdrop(alice.publicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL),
  );
  const bob = Keypair.generate();

  // 1. Create Transaction
  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.transfe


[User] How does the Solana fee priority system work according to QuickNode's documentation?

[Assistant]
According to QuickNode's documentation, the Solana fee priority system allows users to set an additional fee on top of the base fee for a transaction. This additional fee gives the transaction a higher priority in the leader's queue, increasing the likelihood that it will be confirmed quickly by the network.

There are two ways to set a priority fee using the Jupiter API:

1. **Auto-generate a priority fee instruction**: This can be done using the swap method, which automatically calculates and includes the priority fee.

2. **Generate a priority fee instruction with custom parameters**: This also utilizes the swap method but allows for more control over the parameters used for the priority fee.

By bidding more for priority status, users can enhance the chances of their transactions being confirmed in a timely manner.

_KEY",
        "dynamicSlippage": {
            "minBps": 50,
            "maxBps": 300
        },
        "quoteResponse": {
            // ... response object from quote request
        }
    }'

The API will return a dynamicSlippageReport that includes:

Field	Description
slippageBps	The optimized slippage used in the serialized transaction
otherAmount	The actual amount received during simulation
simulatedIncurredSlippageBps	The simulated slippage impact
amplificationRatio	The amplification ratio used to calculate the slippage
Dynamic slippage eliminates the need to manually adjust slippage settings and helps improve transaction success rates by automatically finding the optimal tolerance for each trade.

Slippage Risk
Be very careful setting or automating your slippage tolerance. Inadvertantly setting a slippage too high can result in irreversible loss of funds. Make sure you test your slippage settings thoroughly before deploying your application.

Competetive Priority Fees
Solana's fee priority system allows you to set an additional fee on top of the base fee for a transaction, which gives your transaction a higher priority in the leader's queue. By bidding more for priority status, your transaction will be more likely to be confirmed quickly by the network.

There are several ways to set a priority fee using the Jupiter API:

Auto generate a priority fee instruction using the swap method.
Generate a priority fee instruction with custom parameters using the swap method


[User] What information does the 'rentEpoch' field convey regarding account rent in QuickNode?

[Assistant] The 'rentEpoch' field in the context of QuickNode conveys the epoch at which the associated account will next owe rent. It is represented as a 64-bit unsigned integer (u64). This information is important for understanding when the account will need to pay rent to maintain its active status on the Solana network. If an account does not have enough lamports to cover the rent due at the specified epoch, it may become inactive or be subject to removal.

ry the most recent block that has been voted on by the supermajority of the cluster
processed
string
The node will query its most recent block. Note that the block may not be complete
encoding
string
The encoding format for account data. It can be one of base58 (slow), base64, base64+zstd or jsonParsed
dataSlice
string
The returned account data using the provided offset: 'usize' and length: 'usize' fields; only available for base58, base64, or base64+zstd encodings
minContextSlot
integer
The minimum slot at which the request can be evaluated
Returns
result
Null if the account doesn't exist otherwise RpcResponse JSON object with the following fields:
context
An object that contains metadata about the current state of the Solana network at the time the request was processed
apiVersion
The version number
slot
The current slot in the Solana cluster during which the transactions are processed and new blocks are added to the blockchain
value
An object that contains information about the requested account
lamports
The number of lamports assigned to this account as u64 (64-bit unsigned integer)
owner
The base-58 encoded Pubkey of the program this account has been assigned to
data
The data associated with the account, either as encoded binary data or JSON format {'program': 'state'}, depending on encoding parameter
executable
A boolean indicating if the account contains a program (and is strictly read-only)
rentEpoch
The epoch at which this account will next owe rent, as u64 (64-bit u


[User] How can I fund a key to create transactions on Solana?

[Assistant]
To fund a key for creating transactions on Solana, you can request an airdrop of SOL tokens to the generated keypair. Below is a step-by-step example using the Solana Web3.js library:

1. **Generate a Keypair**: Create a new keypair that will be used for the transactions.
2. **Connect to a Cluster**: Establish a connection to the Solana cluster (e.g., devnet).
3. **Request an Airdrop**: Use the `requestAirdrop` method to fund the keypair with SOL.
4. **Confirm the Transaction**: Wait for the airdrop transaction to be confirmed.

Here’s a code example demonstrating these steps:

```javascript
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");

// Step 1: Generate a new keypair
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();

// Step 2: Connect to the Solana devnet
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

// Step 3: Request an airdrop of 1 SOL
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, // 1 SOL = 1 billion lamports
);

// Step 4: Confirm the airdrop transaction
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropSignature);

// Now the keypair is funded and ready to create transactions
console.log(`Keypair funded: ${fromPublicKey.publicKey.toString()}`);
```

In this example:
- A new keypair is generated to represent the account.
- A connection to the Solana devnet is established.
- An airdrop of 1 SOL (1 billion lamports) is requested for the generated public key.
- The transaction is confirmed to ensure the funds are available.

After running this code, the keypair will be funded and ready to create transactions on the Solana network.

ke, and withdraw your funds. The StakeInstruction class is used to decode and read more instructions from transactions calling the StakeProgram

Example Usage #
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");

// Fund a key to create transactions
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });

// Create Account
let stakeAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let authorizedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
/* Note: This is the minimum amount for a stake account -- Add additional Lamports for staking
    For example, we add 50 lamports as part of the stake */
let lamportsForStakeAccount =
  (await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
    web3.StakeProgram.space,
  )) + 50;

let createAccountTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  authorized: new web3.Authorized(
    authorizedAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  ),
  lamports: lamportsForStakeAccount,
  lockup: new web3.Lockup(0, 0, fromPublicKey.publicKey),
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, createAccountTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  stakeAccount,
]);

// Check that stake is available
let stakeBalance = await connection.getBalance(stakeAccoun


[User] How can you specify a custom `sigHash` for an input in Magic Eden's transaction signing process?

[Assistant]
To specify a custom `sigHash` for an input in Magic Eden's transaction signing process, you can modify the `inputsToSign` array within the payload. Each input object can include a `sigHash` property, which allows you to define the specific signature hash for that input.

Here is an example of how to include a custom `sigHash` in the payload:

```javascript
import * as jsontokens from 'jsontokens'

const payload: any = {
  network: {
    type: 'Mainnet',
  },
  message: 'wow',
  psbtBase64: `cHNidP8BAIkCAAAAAcdT+1joxn7quCzc5RHnqjiUO3odlGn2dznH7/QY4uwlAgAAAAD/////AugDAAAAAAAAIgAgQw4WXibgytGq1y25JPXvYiECxZCpUo6L31w+KfQtgk2HmQAAAAAAACIAIEMOFl4m4MrRqtctuST172IhAsWQqVKOi99cPin0LYJNAAAAAAABASv4pwAAAAAAACIAIEMOFl4m4MrRqtctuST172IhAsWQqVKOi99cPin0LYJNAQMEggAAAAEFR1IhA9/z2Wg/zWhuy2Wtm8KZC+NuwqQzhN3PG+L5GrmOOecFIQP3thdmUgZQrE2gZFZt1red4El15NcoNxCj6syNnj19i1KuAAAA`,
  broadcast: false,
  inputsToSign: [
    {
      address: 'your_input_address_here',
      signingIndexes: [1],
      sigHash: 'your_custom_sigHash_here' // Specify the custom sigHash here
    },
  ],
}

// Create the request token
const request = jsontokens.createUnsecuredToken(payload);
```

In this example, replace `'your_input_address_here'` with the actual address you are signing for, and `'your_custom_sigHash_here'` with the desired signature hash value. This way, you can customize the signature hash for the specific input during the transaction signing process.

h5xrf4dch',
  'Welcome to my dApp!',
}
const request = jsontokens.createUnsecuredToken(payload)
Property

Type

Description

request

string

The json encoded payload

Where protocol accepts either 'BIP322' or 'ECDSA' and defaults to the former if no value is provided. By default all signatures will follow the up to date bip322 standard, but certain apps require legacy signing. Passing in 'ECDSA' will ensure legacy signing only for segwit/payment addresses.

Response
Property
Type
Description
Promise<string>

string

String containing the signature

signTransaction
Prompts to sign a PSBT with the user's connected Magic Eden Wallet account.

Params
Without using Sats Connect, you could encode your request payload like below. However, signTransaction takes care of this for you

Copy
import * as jsontokens from 'jsontokens'

const payload: any = {
  network: {
    type: 'Mainnet',
  },
  message: 'wow',
  psbtBase64: `cHNidP8BAIkCAAAAAcdT+1joxn7quCzc5RHnqjiUO3odlGn2dznH7/QY4uwlAgAAAAD/////AugDAAAAAAAAIgAgQw4WXibgytGq1y25JPXvYiECxZCpUo6L31w+KfQtgk2HmQAAAAAAACIAIEMOFl4m4MrRqtctuST172IhAsWQqVKOi99cPin0LYJNAAAAAAABASv4pwAAAAAAACIAIEMOFl4m4MrRqtctuST172IhAsWQqVKOi99cPin0LYJNAQMEggAAAAEFR1IhA9/z2Wg/zWhuy2Wtm8KZC+NuwqQzhN3PG+L5GrmOOecFIQP3thdmUgZQrE2gZFZt1red4El15NcoNxCj6syNnj19i1KuAAAA`,
  broadcast: false,
  inputsToSign: [
    {
      address,
      signingIndexes: [1],
    },
  ],
}

if (sigHash) {
  payload.inputsToSign[0].sigHash = sigHash
}

const request = jsontokens.createUnse


[User] How can I create a market-cache excluding a specific program in Jupiter?

[Assistant]
To create a market-cache excluding a specific program in Jupiter, you can follow these steps:

1. First, fetch the current market cache using the following `curl` command:

   ```bash
   curl "https://cache.jup.ag/markets?v=3" -o market-cache.json
   ```

2. Next, use `jq` to filter out the specific program you want to exclude. For example, if you want to exclude the Openbook program with the owner address `srmqPvymJeFKQ4zGQed1GFppgkRHL9kaELCbyksJtPX`, you can run:

   ```bash
   jq 'map(select(.owner != "srmqPvymJeFKQ4zGQed1GFppgkRHL9kaELCbyksJtPX"))' market-cache.json > market-cache-no-openbook.json
   ```

3. Finally, start the Jupiter API server using the newly created market cache that excludes the specified program:

   ```bash
   RUST_LOG=info ./jupiter-swap-api --market-cache market-cache-no-openbook.json ...
   ```

This process will start the API server without the specified program as part of the routing. You can similarly remove other individual markets by adjusting the filtering criteria in the `jq` command.

7o76Q1ndRHyKwai5C4wFkR",
    "serumVaultSigner":"7xookfS7px2FxR4JzpB3bT9nS3hUAENE4KsGaqkM6AoQ"
  },
  "addressLookupTableAddress":"5tVPTN4afHxuyS8CNCNrnU7WZJuYeq5e2FvxUdCMQG7F" // Optional
}

To derive the params, you can look up the Serum documentation.

MacOS
On MacOS you will see this error message:

“jupiter-swap-api” can’t be opened because Apple cannot check it for malicious software.

Go to System Settings and click on "Open Anyway":

Advanced
If a set of AMMs is never needed for routing, they can be removed before starting the api to reduce load.

Create a market-cache excluding the program you want to remove, Openbook for this example:

curl "https://cache.jup.ag/markets?v=3" -o market-cache.json
jq 'map(select(.owner != "srmqPvymJeFKQ4zGQed1GFppgkRHL9kaELCbyksJtPX"))' market-cache.json > market-cache-no-openbook.json

Then:

RUST_LOG=info ./jupiter-swap-api --market-cache market-cache-no-openbook.json ...

This will start the API server without Openbook as part of routing. You can also remove individual market as well.

Paid Hosted APIs
We are working with some Solana RPC partners in the ecosystem as well so that you can get a paid hosted API ran by them.

QuickNode: https://marketplace.quicknode.com/add-on/metis-jupiter-v6-swap-api
Reach out to Triton: Triton

Troubleshooting Tips
Swap Execution
Common transaction error:

Program log: Custom program error: 0x1771

Program Jupiter Aggregator v6 consumed 67018 of 200000 compute units

Program returned error: cust


[User] What is the purpose of the 'space' parameter in a Solana account?

[Assistant]
The 'space' parameter in a Solana account indicates the data size of the account. It specifies how much storage space is allocated for the account's data. This is important because it determines the amount of data that can be stored in the account, which can affect the account's functionality and the types of operations that can be performed on it.

For example, if an account is intended to store a certain amount of data, the 'space' parameter must be set to a value that can accommodate that data. If the space is insufficient, it may lead to errors or the inability to store additional data.

In the context of the response from the `getMultipleAccounts` method, the 'space' parameter is shown as part of the account's details:

```json
{
  "data": ["", "base58"],
  "executable": false,
  "lamports": 88849814690250,
  "owner": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
  "rentEpoch": 18446744073709551615,
  "space": 0
}
```

In this example, the 'space' is set to 0, indicating that this particular account does not have any allocated space for data.

ncoding parameter
executable: <bool> - boolean indicating if the account contains a program (and is strictly read-only)
rentEpoch: <u64> - the epoch at which this account will next owe rent, as u64
space: <u64> - the data size of the account
Code sample #
curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "method": "getMultipleAccounts",
    "params": [
      [
        "vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg",
        "4fYNw3dojWmQ4dXtSGE9epjRGy9pFSx62YypT7avPYvA"
      ],
      {
        "encoding": "base58"
      }
    ]
  }
'

Response #
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "context": { "apiVersion": "2.0.15", "slot": 341197247 },
    "value": [
      {
        "data": ["", "base58"],
        "executable": false,
        "lamports": 88849814690250,
        "owner": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
        "rentEpoch": 18446744073709551615,
        "space": 0
      },
      {
        "data": ["", "base58"],
        "executable": false,
        "lamports": 998763433,
        "owner": "2WRuhE4GJFoE23DYzp2ij6ZnuQ8p9mJeU6gDgfsjR4or",
        "rentEpoch": 18446744073709551615,
        "space": 0
      }
    ]
  },
  "id": 1
}

getProgramAccounts RPC Method
Edit Page
Returns all accounts owned by the provided program Pubkey

Parameters #
string required

Pubkey of program, as base-58 encoded string

object optional

Configuration object containing the following fields:

commitment string opt


[User] What is the total available packet data size for a Solana transaction after accounting for headers?

[Assistant] The total available packet data size for a Solana transaction, after accounting for headers, is 1232 bytes. This is derived from the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of 1280 bytes, from which 40 bytes for the IPv6 header and 8 bytes for the fragment header are subtracted, leaving 1232 bytes available for packet data, including serialized transactions.

ails of what's happening under the hood.

Transaction #
A Solana transaction consists of:

Signatures: An array of signatures included on the transaction.
Message: List of instructions to be processed atomically.
Transaction Format
Transaction Format

The structure of a transaction message comprises of:

Message Header: Specifies the number of signer and read-only account.
Account Addresses: An array of account addresses required by the instructions on the transaction.
Recent Blockhash: Acts as a timestamp for the transaction.
Instructions: An array of instructions to be executed.
Transaction Message
Transaction Message

Transaction Size #
The Solana network adheres to a maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of 1280 bytes, consistent with the IPv6 MTU size constraints to ensure fast and reliable transmission of cluster information over UDP. After accounting for the necessary headers (40 bytes for IPv6 and 8 bytes for the fragment header), 1232 bytes remain available for packet data, such as serialized transactions.

This means that the total size of a Solana transaction is limited to 1232 bytes. The combination of the signatures and the message cannot exceed this limit.

Signatures: Each signature requires 64 bytes. The number of signatures can vary, depending on the transaction's requirements.
Message: The message includes instructions, accounts, and additional metadata, with each account requiring 32 bytes. The combined size of the accounts plus metadata can vary, depending


[User] What are the potential benefits for projects launching tokens using Meteora's flexible token designs?

[Assistant]
The potential benefits for projects launching tokens using Meteora's flexible token designs include:

1. **Dynamic Fees**: Projects can take advantage of dynamic fees that adjust based on market conditions. This allows for greater fee capture during market swings, which can enhance profitability for the project.

2. **Precise Liquidity Concentration**: The ability to concentrate liquidity precisely means that projects can optimize their liquidity pools to better match their trading needs, leading to improved trading efficiency and reduced slippage for users.

3. **New AMM LP Strategies**: The introduction of dynamic liquidity market making (DLMM) opens up all-new automated market maker (AMM) liquidity provider (LP) strategies. This flexibility can attract more liquidity providers who are interested in innovative ways to earn yields.

4. **Creative Token Launches**: With flexible token designs, projects can implement more creative and tailored approaches to launching their tokens, which can help differentiate them in the market and attract more interest from potential investors.

Overall, these features can lead to a more robust and engaging ecosystem for projects launching their tokens on Meteora, ultimately contributing to their growth and success.

voice as stakeholders to help Meteora understand the types of features and incentives projects are looking for to launch and grow their liquidity in Solana.

Lastly, we think this will help MET become the leading AMM in Solana

Because both DLMM and our dynamic pools have the ability to do so well for LPs we are confident that liquidity will remain in Meteora in the long run and we don’t believe in the need to utilize mechanics to hold liquidity captive. Instead, we will continue to focus on improving the sustainable yield for LPs.

A proposal will be submitted soon after the DAO formation for this purpose!

Summary
The Massive Meteora Stimulus Package involves:

DLMM
- LPs can now access dynamic fees and precise liquidity concentration
- For LPs, this allows greater fee capture during market swings and opens up all-new AMM LP strategies
- For projects, new creative ways to launch your token with more flexible token designs

Expert DAO
- To leverage experts to guide the DAO on its mission
- To empower LPs to align the DAO with its core userbase
- To promote transparency and confidence in MET

10% LP Stimulus Proposal
- 10% of MET to be allocated to LPs before the token is liquid
- LPs as stakeholders will ensure we continue to build the right things for our users
- This stimulus will bring Meteora to a great start at the point of token liquidity, creating TVL and volume, decentralizing the DAO with the right stakeholders, and creating inflow not only from Solana, but, from el


[User] What is the derived price type returned by the Jupiter API, and how is it calculated?

[Assistant]
The derived price type returned by the Jupiter API is labeled as "derivedPrice." This price represents the midpoint between the buy price and the sell price of a token.

To summarize:
- **Type**: `derivedPrice`
- **Calculation**: It is calculated as the midpoint between the buy price and the sell price.

This means that the derived price gives you an average value that reflects what you might expect to pay for a token if you were to buy or sell it, providing a useful reference point for users.

For example, when querying the price of a token, the API might return a response like this:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "JUPyiwrYJFskUPiHa7hkeR8VUtAeFoSYbKedZNsDvCN": {
      "id": "JUPyiwrYJFskUPiHa7hkeR8VUtAeFoSYbKedZNsDvCN",
      "type": "derivedPrice",
      "price": "40560.32136735473"
    }
  }
}
```

In this example, the derived price for the token is approximately 40,560.32, indicating the average cost based on the current market conditions.

   }
        }
    },
    "timeTaken": 0.00388851
}

If you include a vsToken, the buy token can be specified.

For example, this call will return the unit price for 1 JUP, based on the buy amount of Bonk.

Simply put, the vsToken argument tells you how much of the vsToken (Bonk in this case) you will need to buy the target token (JUP). For every one JUP we want to buy, we will need ~40,560 Bonk.

note
vsToken cannot be used with showExtraInfo when it's true. A response 400: Bad request would be returned.

# Unit price of 1 JUP based on the buy amount of Bonk
https://api.jup.ag/price/v2?ids=JUPyiwrYJFskUPiHa7hkeR8VUtAeFoSYbKedZNsDvCN&vsToken=DezXAZ8z7PnrnRJjz3wXBoRgixCa6xjnB7YaB1pPB263&showExtraInfo=true

{
  "data": {
    "JUPyiwrYJFskUPiHa7hkeR8VUtAeFoSYbKedZNsDvCN": {
      "id": "JUPyiwrYJFskUPiHa7hkeR8VUtAeFoSYbKedZNsDvCN",
      "type": "derivedPrice",
      "price": "40560.32136735473"
    },
    "DezXAZ8z7PnrnRJjz3wXBoRgixCa6xjnB7YaB1pPB263": {
      "id": "DezXAZ8z7PnrnRJjz3wXBoRgixCa6xjnB7YaB1pPB263",
      "type": "derivedPrice",
      "price": "1"
    }
  },
  "timeTaken": 0.003043602
}

Try it out!
Try the API calls by making simple GET request via your browser or one of the terminal commands below:

GEThttps://api.jup.ag/price/v2
Rate Limits: This endpoint is rate limited to 600 requests/min.

Making sense of the data
Field	Explanation
type	derivedPrice is the midpoint between buyPrice and sellPrice.
price	based on the type above
extraInfo	extraInfo Fields (Mo


[User] Can Tatum's getMultipleAccounts method return null values, and under what circumstances?

[Assistant]
Yes, Tatum's `getMultipleAccounts` method can return null values. This occurs when the account at a specified public key does not exist.

When you call the method with an array of public keys, if any of those public keys do not correspond to an existing account, the result for that particular public key will be `null`.

Here's an example to illustrate this:

```javascript
const publicKeys = ["accountPubkey1", "nonExistentPubkey", "accountPubkey2"];
const options = {
    commitment: "finalized"
};

const result = await m.rpc.getMultipleAccounts(publicKeys, options);

// The result could look like this:
console.log(result);
// Output:
// [
//   { data: [...], encoding: 'base64' }, // for accountPubkey1
//   null, // for nonExistentPubkey
//   { data: [...], encoding: 'base64' }  // for accountPubkey2
// ]
```

In this example, the second public key (`nonExistentPubkey`) does not correspond to an existing account, so the method returns `null` for that entry in the result array.


[User] How do different wallet solutions on Solana vary in terms of keypair security?

[Assistant]
Different wallet solutions on Solana vary in terms of keypair security by offering different approaches to how they manage and protect the secret key (private key). Here are some key points regarding these variations:

1. **Security vs. Convenience**: Some wallets prioritize security, providing robust methods for storing and backing up secret keys, while others focus on ease of use, which may compromise security.

2. **Storage Methods**: Wallets may use different storage methods for secret keys. For example, some may store keys locally on the device, while others might use hardware wallets or cloud-based solutions that can offer additional layers of security.

3. **User Interaction**: The way users interact with their keypairs can also differ. Some wallets may require more manual steps for signing transactions, which can enhance security by ensuring that users are aware of each transaction, while others may automate this process for convenience.

4. **Backup Options**: Wallet solutions may provide different options for backing up secret keys. Some might offer recovery phrases or seed phrases that allow users to restore access to their wallets, while others may not provide such features.

5. **Command-Line Wallets**: For advanced users or developers, command-line wallets may offer more control and security features, as they are typically the first to support new features on the Solana blockchain.

In summary, when choosing a wallet on Solana, users should consider the balance between security and convenience that best fits their needs, as different wallets will provide varying levels of protection for the secret key.

 #
The secret key (also referred to as private key) is required to digitally sign any transactions to send cryptocurrencies to another address or to make any changes to the wallet. The secret key must never be shared. If someone gains access to the secret key to a wallet, they can withdraw all the tokens it contains. If the secret key for a wallet is lost, any tokens that have been sent to that wallet's address are permanently lost.

Security #
Different wallet solutions offer different approaches to keypair security, interacting with the keypair, and signing transactions to use/spend the tokens. Some are easier to use than others. Some store and back up secret keys more securely. Solana supports multiple types of wallets so you can choose the right balance of security and convenience.

If you want to be able to receive SOL tokens on the Solana blockchain, you first will need to create a wallet.

Supported Wallets #
Several browser and mobile app based wallets support Solana. Find some options that might be right for you on the Solana Wallets page.

For advanced users or developers, the command-line wallets may be more appropriate, as new features on the Solana blockchain will always be supported on the command line first before being integrated into third-party solutions.

Core Concepts
Build a strong understanding of the core concepts that make Solana different from other blockchains. Understanding the "Solana programming model" through these core concepts is very important


[User] What parameters are required to create a Nonce Account using the SystemProgram in Solana?

[Assistant]
To create a Nonce Account using the SystemProgram in Solana, the following parameters are required:

1. **fromPubkey**: The public key of the account that is funding the Nonce Account.
2. **noncePubkey**: The public key of the Nonce Account that is being created.
3. **authorizedPubkey**: The public key of the account that is authorized to advance the Nonce Account.
4. **lamports**: The amount of lamports to fund the Nonce Account, which should be at least the minimum amount required for rent exemption.

Here is an example of how to create a Nonce Account with these parameters:

```javascript
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");

// Create connection
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

// Generate accounts
let account = web3.Keypair.generate();
let nonceAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();

// Fund account
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  account.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);

await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });

// Get Minimum amount for rent exemption
let minimumAmount = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
  web3.NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH,
);

// Form CreateNonceAccount transaction
let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.createNonceAccount({
    fromPubkey: account.publicKey,      // The funding account
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey, // The new Nonce Account
    authorizedPubkey: account.publicKey, // The authorized account
    lamports: minimumAmount,              // Amount for rent exemption
  }),
);

// Create Nonce Account
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
  account,
  nonceAccount,
]);
```

In this example, the `createNonceAccount` method is called with the required parameters to successfully create a Nonce Account.

 certain custodial services, Nonce Accounts are used. Transactions which use a recentBlockhash captured on-chain by a Nonce Account do not expire as long at the Nonce Account is not advanced.

You can create a nonce account by first creating a normal account, then using SystemProgram to make the account a Nonce Account.

Example Usage #
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");

// Create connection
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

// Generate accounts
let account = web3.Keypair.generate();
let nonceAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();

// Fund account
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  account.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);

await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });

// Get Minimum amount for rent exemption
let minimumAmount = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
  web3.NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH,
);

// Form CreateNonceAccount transaction
let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.createNonceAccount({
    fromPubkey: account.publicKey,
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: account.publicKey,
    lamports: minimumAmount,
  }),
);
// Create Nonce Account
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
  account,
  nonceAccount,
]);

let nonceAccountData = await connection.getNonce(
  nonceAccount.publicKey,
  "confirmed",
);

console.log(nonceAccountData);
// NonceAccount {
//   authorizedPub


[User] What historical data does QuickNode provide regarding the earned credits for vote accounts over epochs?

[Assistant]
QuickNode provides historical data regarding earned credits for vote accounts in the form of an array of arrays, specifically for up to five epochs. This data includes the following fields for each epoch:

- **epoch**: The specific epoch number.
- **credits**: The number of credits earned during that epoch.
- **previousCredits**: The number of credits earned in the previous epoch.

This information is encapsulated in the `epochCredits` field, which is part of both the current and delinquent account structures.

Here’s a simplified representation of how the `epochCredits` data might look:

```json
"epochCredits": [
    [epoch1, credits1, previousCredits1],
    [epoch2, credits2, previousCredits2],
    [epoch3, credits3, previousCredits3],
    [epoch4, credits4, previousCredits4],
    [epoch5, credits5, previousCredits5]
]
```

This structure allows users to track the performance of vote accounts over multiple epochs, providing insights into their historical credit earnings.

ent accounts, each containing an array of JSON objects with the following fields:
current
The current account with the following fields:
activatedStake
The stake, in lamports, delegated to this vote account and active in this epoch. Represented as an u64 integer
commission
The percentage (0-100) of rewards payout owed to the vote account
epochCredits
The latest history of earned credits for up to five epochs, as an array of arrays containing: epoch, credits, previousCredits
epochVoteAccount
Boolean value, whether the vote account is staked for this epoch
lastVote
Most recent slot voted on by this vote account
nodePubkey
The validator identity as base-58 encoded string
rootSlot
The current root slot for this vote account
votePubkey
The vote account address as base-58 encoded string
delinquent
The delinquent account with the following fields:
activatedStake
The stake, in lamports, delegated to this vote account and active in this epoch. Represented as an u64 integer
commission
The percentage (0-100) of rewards payout owed to the vote account
epochCredits
The latest history of earned credits for up to five epochs, as an array of arrays containing: epoch, credits, previousCredits
epochVoteAccount
Boolean value, whether the vote account is staked for this epoch
lastVote
Most recent slot voted on by this vote account
nodePubkey
The validator identity as base-58 encoded string
rootSlot
The current root slot for this vote account
votePubkey
The vote account address as base-58 encoded


[User] What features of Meteora's Dynamic Vault Reserve support liquidity for LPs in case of sudden withdrawals?

[Assistant]
Meteora's Dynamic Vault Reserve supports liquidity for LPs in case of sudden withdrawals through several key features:

1. **Dynamic Vault Reserve**: The reserve is designed to hold a portion of the liquidity, specifically USDC/SOL/USDT, which can be utilized for immediate withdrawals by liquidity providers (LPs).

2. **External Lending Platforms**: A portion of the liquidity may be allocated to external lending platforms. This strategy allows the remaining liquidity in the Dynamic Vault Reserve to be available for LPs who need to withdraw suddenly.

3. **Withdrawal Options**: In scenarios where LPs have a liquidity position that exceeds the amount available in the Dynamic Vault Reserve, they have the option to withdraw their liquidity in smaller increments over multiple transactions. Alternatively, they can reach out to the Meteora team for assistance.

These features ensure that there is a mechanism in place to provide liquidity to LPs, even during times of high demand for withdrawals.

 such, a portion of USDC/SOL/USDT liquidity may be utilized in external lending platforms, while the rest remain in the Dynamic Vault Reserve to support sudden withdrawals by LPs.

In an event where LPs have a liquidity position that is much larger than what is in the Dynamic Vault Reserve, and want to immediately withdraw all liquidity (that has USDC/SOL/USDT), they can withdraw liquidity in smaller sizes a few times or reach out to the team.

Yield earned from Dynamic Vaults is shown on the Dynamic AMM Pool UI as "24h Yield".

Dynamic AMM Stable Pools
How do Dynamic Stable Pools work?
Meteora's Dynamic AMM Stable Pools are AMMs utilizing the stable curve that support token prices from 0 to infinity.

Stable Pools are suitable if both of your tokens are stable coins i.e. USDC-USDT, USDS-USDC. Using a Stable Pool helps ensure that the liquidity ratio between the token pair remains at 1:1.

Stable Pools also share similar benefits with the volatile Dynamic AMM Pools. For example, Stable Pools compose on top of Meteora’s Dynamic Vaults lending aggregator that rebalances funds (e.g. USDC/USDT/SOL) every minute across various external lending protocols e.g. Kamino, Save (Solend), and Marginfi to optimize yield and reduce risk.

This added yield helps drive sustainable liquidity, as it is attractive for LPs to contribute liquidity in the pool even if trading fees are lower than usual or there is a lack of LM rewards.

Dynamic Stable Pools are concentrated, so they capture a lot


[User] What is the significance of the `passthroughWalletContextState` in the Jupiter integration?

[Assistant]
The `passthroughWalletContextState` is significant in the Jupiter integration as it allows the integration to synchronize the wallet connection state with the Jupiter Terminal. This is particularly important for applications that utilize the Solana wallet adapter, enabling the Jupiter Terminal to respond appropriately to changes in the wallet connection status.

When using the `useWallet` hook from the Solana wallet adapter, `passthroughWalletContextState` captures the current state of the wallet connection. The integration then uses the `window.Jupiter.syncProps` method to update the Jupiter Terminal with this state whenever the connection status changes.

Here’s a brief code example demonstrating how to implement this:

```javascript
import { useEffect } from 'react';
import { useWallet } from '@solana/wallet-adapter-react'; // Or @jup-ag/wallet-adapter;

const MyComponent = (props) => {
  const passthroughWalletContextState = useWallet();

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!window.Jupiter.syncProps) return;
    window.Jupiter.syncProps({ passthroughWalletContextState });
  }, [passthroughWalletContextState.connected, props]);

  return (
    // Your component JSX here
  );
};
```

In this example, the `useEffect` hook monitors changes to the `connected` state of the wallet. When the connection status changes, it calls `window.Jupiter.syncProps` to update the Jupiter Terminal with the latest wallet context state. This ensures that the user experience is seamless and that the Terminal reflects the current wallet connection status accurately.

yncProps()

import { useWallet } from '@solana/wallet-adapter-react'; // Or @jup-ag/wallet-adapter;

const passthroughWalletContextState = useWallet();
useEffect(() => {
  if (!window.Jupiter.syncProps) return;
  window.Jupiter.syncProps({ passthroughWalletContextState });
}, [passthroughWalletContextState.connected, props]);

Scenario 2: Standalone Terminal
Your dApp does not have a <WalletProvider />, or is a plain HTML/JS website.

window.Jupiter.init({});

3. Setup other props
Before you start, get a Free/Paid RPC
Some recommended RPC providers include Quicknode, Helius & Triton One. You can then use the RPC endpoint with Terminal.

window.Jupiter.init({
  /** Required
   * Solana RPC endpoint
   * We do not recommend using the public RPC endpoint for production dApp, you will get severely rate-limited
  */
  endpoint: 'https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com',
  // ...other props
});

4. Finishing touches
Terminals are light but full of features, such as customizing form behavior, fees, styling, and much more.

Go to our Demo to explore all these features, with automatically generated integration code.

Or, check out our fully typed API reference for more details.

Additional API Reference
Typescript Support
Since Jupiter Terminal is only importable via CDN, to get proper typing, you can create a typing declaration jupiter-terminal.d.ts file in your project, and copy the contents in src/types/index.d.ts

declare global {
  interface Window {
    Jupiter: JupiterTermina


[User] What data granularity does CoinGecko provide for historical market data when querying 1-14 days from now?

[Assistant] When querying historical market data for 1-14 days from now using the CoinGecko API, the data granularity provided is 5-minutely data. This means that the historical market data will be returned in intervals of 5 minutes for the specified range.

1626998400000,
79
      12709.84
80
    ],
81
    [
82
      1627084800000,
83
      14220.8
84
    ]
85
  ]
86
}

💼 NFTs Collection Historical Chart Data by Contract Address
get
https://pro-api.coingecko.com/api/v3/nfts/{asset_platform_id}/contract/{contract_address}/market_chart
This endpoint allows you query historical market data of a NFT collection, including floor price, market cap, and 24h volume, by number of days away from now based on the provided contract address

📘
Notes

This endpoint doesn't support Solana NFT and Art Blocks, please use /nfts/{id}/market_chart endpoint instead
Data Granularity (auto):
1-14 days from now = 5-minutely data
15 days & above from now = daily data (00:00 UTC)
Cache/Update Frequency: every 5 minutes
The last completed UTC day (00:00) is available 5 minutes after midnight on the next UTC day (00:05)
Exclusive for all Paid Plan Subscribers (Analyst, Lite, Pro and Enterprise)
Path Params
asset_platform_id
string
required
asset platform id
*refers to /asset_platforms

contract_address
string
required
contract address of the nft collection

Query Params
days
string
required
data up to number of days ago
Valid values: any integer or max

Response

200
Get historical market data include price, market cap, and 24h volume (granularity auto)

Response body
object
floor_price_usd
array of arrays of numbers
nft collection floor price in usd

array of numbers
floor_price_native
array of arrays of numbers
nft collection floor price in native curren


[User] Can you explain the role of the Dialect's dial.to blinks Interstitial site in relation to Solana Actions?

[Assistant]
The Dialect's dial.to blinks Interstitial site serves as a platform for rendering and signing blockchain links associated with Solana Actions. Regardless of whether an Action is registered in the Dialect Actions Registry, all blinks will still be rendered on this site.

When users interact with these blinks, they can sign transactions directly through the dial.to blinks Interstitial site. This site also displays the registry status of the Action, indicating whether it has been verified through the Dialect registry.

In summary, the dial.to blinks Interstitial site acts as a secure interface for users to interact with Solana Actions, ensuring that they can sign transactions while being informed about the verification status of the Actions they are engaging with.

 can view the GET and POST response payloads, response headers, and test all inputs to each of your linked Actions.

Each client application or wallets may have different requirements on which Action endpoints their clients will automatically unfurl and immediately display to their users on social media platforms.

For example, some clients may operate on an "allow list" approach that may require verification prior to their client unfurling an Action for users such as Dialect's Actions Registry (detailed below).

All blinks will still render and allow for signing on Dialect's dial.to blinks Interstitial site, with their registry status displayed in the blink.

Dialect's Actions Registry #
As a public good for the Solana ecosystem, Dialect maintains a public registry — together with the help of Solana Foundation and other community members — of blockchain links that have are from pre-verified from known sources. As of launch, only Actions that have been registered in the Dialect registry will unfurl in the Twitter feed when posted.

Client applications and wallets can freely choose to use this public registry or another solution to help ensure user security and safety. If not verified through the Dialect registry, the blockchain link will not be touched by the blink client, and will be rendered as a typical URL.

Developers can apply to be verified by Dialect here: dial.to/register

Specification #
The Solana Actions specification consists of key sections that are part of a re


[User] What is the value of DOT in CoinGecko's currency data?

[Assistant] The value of DOT in CoinGecko's currency data is approximately 2.6755.


[User] Where can users find guides on using QuickNode Marketplace add-ons with Solana Web3.js 2.0?

[Assistant]
Users can find guides on using QuickNode Marketplace add-ons with Solana Web3.js 2.0 in the following resources:

1. **How to Use QuickNode Add-ons using Solana Web3.js 2.0 (Part 1)**
2. **How to Use QuickNode Add-ons using Solana Web3.js 2.0 (Part 2)**

These guides provide detailed instructions on integrating QuickNode Marketplace add-ons into applications using Solana Web3.js 2.0.

latest announcements
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hi@example.com
getTipAccounts RPC Method
Retrieves the tip accounts designated for tip payments for bundles
Updated on
Sep 20, 2024
Please note that this RPC method requires the Lil' JIT - JITO Bundles and transactions add-on enabled on your QuickNode endpoint.
Solana Web3.js 2.0 includes the ability to customize RPC methods and transports, allowing you to seamlessly integrate QuickNode Marketplace add-ons into your applications. For more information on how to use QuickNode Marketplace add-ons with Solana Web3.js 2.0, check out these guides: How to Use QuickNode Add-ons using Solana Web3.js 2.0 (Part 1) and How to Use QuickNode Add-ons using Solana Web3.js 2.0 (Part 2)
Parameters
This method does not accept any parameters
Returns
result
array
The tip accounts as a list of strings
Request

Curl
curl 'https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '
{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "method": "getTipAccounts",
    "params": []
}
'
Don't have an account yet?
Create your QuickNode endpoint in seconds and start building
Get started for free
Previous
getInflightBundleStatuses
Next
getRegions
Chat with our community
Check out our product changelog
Check on the status of our services
Read our blog for the latest announcements
Want the latest news in Web3?
We send out the


[User] What should a Solana client display to users when making a request to the Action's URL?

[Assistant]
When a Solana client makes a request to the Action's URL, it should display the following to users:

1. **Domain of the URL**: The client should show the domain of the URL as the request is being made.

2. **Title**: Upon receiving a successful response, the client should display the title from the response.

3. **Icon Image**: The client should render the icon image that represents the source of the action request.

These elements help provide clarity and context to the user regarding the action being performed and its source.

uest to the Action's URL endpoint.

The request should not identify the wallet or the user.
The client should make the request with an Accept-Encoding header.
The client should display the domain of the URL as the request is being made.
GET Response #
The Action's URL endpoint (e.g. application or server backend) should respond with an HTTP OK JSON response (with a valid payload in the body) or an appropriate HTTP error.

The client must handle HTTP client errors, server errors, and redirect responses.

The endpoint should respond with a Content-Encoding header for HTTP compression.

The endpoint should respond with a Content-Type header of application/json.

The client should not cache the response except as instructed by HTTP caching response headers.

The client should display the title and render the icon image to user.

Error responses (i.e. HTTP 4xx and 5xx status codes) should return a JSON response body following ActionError to present a helpful error message to users. See Action Errors.

GET Response Body #
A GET response with an HTTP OK JSON response should include a body payload that follows the interface specification:

ActionGetResponse
export type ActionType = "action" | "completed";

export type ActionGetResponse = Action<"action">;

export interface Action<T extends ActionType> {
  /** type of Action to present to the user */
  type: T;
  /** image url that represents the source of the action request */
  icon: string;
  /** describes the source of the actio


[User] How does Raydium utilize the `Buffer.from` method in processing transaction data?

[Assistant]
In Raydium, the `Buffer.from` method is utilized to convert transaction data from a base64 encoded string into a binary buffer format. This is essential for processing the transaction data correctly, as the transactions need to be in a specific format for further operations like deserialization.

Here's how it is used in the context of processing swap transactions:

1. **Mapping over Transaction Data**: The `swapTransactions.data` array contains transaction strings that are base64 encoded. The `Buffer.from` method is called on each transaction string to convert it into a binary buffer.

2. **Deserialization**: After converting the base64 string to a buffer, the code checks whether the transaction is a version 0 transaction or not. Depending on the version, it either uses `VersionedTransaction.deserialize` or `Transaction.from` to deserialize the buffer into a transaction object.

Here’s a code snippet illustrating this process:

```javascript
const allTxBuf = swapTransactions.data.map((tx) => Buffer.from(tx.transaction, 'base64'));
const allTransactions = allTxBuf.map((txBuf) =>
  isV0Tx ? VersionedTransaction.deserialize(txBuf) : Transaction.from(txBuf)
);
```

In this snippet:
- `Buffer.from(tx.transaction, 'base64')` converts each base64 encoded transaction string into a buffer.
- The resulting `allTxBuf` array contains all the transaction buffers, which are then deserialized into transaction objects stored in `allTransactions`.

This method is crucial for ensuring that the transaction data is in the correct format for signing and executing the transactions on the blockchain.

    success: boolean
    data: { transaction: string }[]
  }>(`${API_URLS.SWAP_HOST}/transaction/swap-base-in`, {
    computeUnitPriceMicroLamports: String(data.data.default.h),
    swapResponse,
    txVersion,
    wallet: owner.publicKey.toBase58(),
    wrapSol: isInputSol,
    unwrapSol: isOutputSol, // true means output mint receive sol, false means output mint received wsol
    inputAccount: isInputSol ? undefined : inputTokenAcc?.toBase58(),
    outputAccount: isOutputSol ? undefined : outputTokenAcc?.toBase58(),
  })
Deserialize

Copy
  const allTxBuf = swapTransactions.data.map((tx) => Buffer.from(tx.transaction, 'base64'))
  const allTransactions = allTxBuf.map((txBuf) =>
    isV0Tx ? VersionedTransaction.deserialize(txBuf) : Transaction.from(txBuf)
  )

  console.log(`total ${allTransactions.length} transactions`, swapTransactions)
Sign and execute

Copy
  let idx = 0
  if (!isV0Tx) {
    for (const tx of allTransactions) {
      console.log(`${++idx} transaction sending...`)
      const transaction = tx as Transaction
      transaction.sign(owner)
      const txId = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [owner], { skipPreflight: true })
      console.log(`${++idx} transaction confirmed, txId: ${txId}`)
    }
  } else {
    for (const tx of allTransactions) {
      idx++
      const transaction = tx as VersionedTransaction
      transaction.sign([owner])
      const txId = await connection.sendTransaction(tx as VersionedTransaction, { skipPreflig


[User] What information does 'price_change_percentage_200d_in_currency' give in CoinGecko?

[Assistant]
The `price_change_percentage_200d_in_currency` provides the percentage change in the price of a coin over a 200-day period, expressed in a specific currency. This metric helps users understand how the price of a cryptocurrency has fluctuated over the last 200 days relative to its price at the beginning of that period, allowing for analysis of long-term trends in the asset's value.

For example, if you were to retrieve this data for a specific coin, it would indicate how much the price has increased or decreased as a percentage over the last 200 days in the chosen currency.

rice change in percentage

price_change_percentage_14d
number
coin 14d price change in percentage

price_change_percentage_30d
number
coin 30d price change in percentage

price_change_percentage_60d
number
coin 60d price change in percentage

price_change_percentage_200d
number
coin 200d price change in percentage

price_change_percentage_1y
number
coin 1y price change in percentage

market_cap_change_24h
number
coin 24h market cap change in currency

market_cap_change_percentage_24h
number
coin 24h market cap change in percentage

price_change_percentage_1h_in_currency
object
coin 1h price change in currency

price_change_percentage_1h_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_24h_in_currency
object
coin 24h price change in currency

price_change_percentage_24h_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_7d_in_currency
object
coin 7d price change in currency

price_change_percentage_7d_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_14d_in_currency
object
coin 14d price change in currency

price_change_percentage_14d_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_30d_in_currency
object
coin 30d price change in currency

price_change_percentage_30d_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_60d_in_currency
object
coin 60d price change in currency

price_change_percentage_60d_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_200d_in_currency
object
coin 200d price change in currency

price_change_percentage_200d_in_currency object
price_change_percentage_1y_in_currency
object
coin 1y p


[User] How can a user specify the amount of SOL to deposit when using Magic Eden's API?

[Assistant]
To specify the amount of SOL to deposit when using Magic Eden's API, a user must make a GET request to the following endpoint:

```
GET https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/instructions/mmm/sol-deposit-buy
```

In the request, the user needs to include the following query parameters:

1. **pool** (string, required): This is the public key of the pool into which the SOL will be deposited.
2. **paymentAmount** (number, required): This specifies the amount of SOL to deposit.
3. **priorityFee** (number, optional): This is the priority fee (in microlamports) to reprioritize the transaction against others.

Here is an example of how to structure the request using `curl`:

```bash
curl --request GET \
     --url 'https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/instructions/mmm/sol-deposit-buy?pool=YOUR_POOL_PUBLIC_KEY&paymentAmount=YOUR_AMOUNT&priorityFee=YOUR_PRIORITY_FEE' \
     --header 'accept: application/json'
```

Replace `YOUR_POOL_PUBLIC_KEY`, `YOUR_AMOUNT`, and `YOUR_PRIORITY_FEE` with the appropriate values for your transaction.

This request will return instructions for depositing the specified amount of SOL into the designated pool.

te-pool?reinvestBuy=true&reinvestSell=true' \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json'

Try It!
RESPONSE
Click Try It! to start a request and see the response here! Or choose an example:
application/json

200

Get instruction to deposit an sol payment into a pool
get
https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/instructions/mmm/sol-deposit-buy
Log in to see full request history
time	status	user agent
Make a request to see history.
0 Requests This Month

Query Params
pool
string
required
Public key of pool to deposit into

paymentAmount
number
required
The of SOL to deposit

priorityFee
number
Priority fee (in microlamports) to reprioritize the transaction against others

Response

200
successful operation

Updated 9 months ago

Get instruction to update an existing pool
Get instruction to withdraw sol payment from a pool
Did this page help you?
Language

Shell

Node

Ruby

PHP

Python
Credentials
Bearer
auth-scheme
token

URL

https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2
/instructions/mmm/sol-deposit-buy
1
curl --request GET \
2
     --url https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/instructions/mmm/sol-deposit-buy \
3
     --header 'accept: application/json'

Try It!
RESPONSE
Click Try It! to start a request and see the response here! Or choose an example:
application/json

200

Get instruction to withdraw sol payment from a pool
get
https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/instructions/mmm/sol-withdraw-buy
Log in to see full request history
time	status	user agent
Make a request to see history.
0


[User] How does the Solana 'banks_client' process a transaction after it has been signed?

[Assistant]
In Solana, the `banks_client` is used to simulate and test transactions in a local environment. After a transaction has been signed, it can be processed using the `process_transaction` method of the `banks_client`.

Here’s a breakdown of how this works based on the provided code snippet:

1. **Creating the Transaction**: A transaction is created with the instruction(s) that need to be executed. In the example, a transaction is created with an initialization instruction for a counter program.

   ```rust
   let mut transaction =
       Transaction::new_with_payer(&[initialize_instruction], Some(&payer.pubkey()));
   ```

2. **Signing the Transaction**: The transaction must be signed by the required signers. In this case, both the `payer` and the `counter_keypair` are signing the transaction.

   ```rust
   transaction.sign(&[&payer, &counter_keypair], recent_blockhash);
   ```

3. **Processing the Transaction**: After signing, the transaction is sent to the `banks_client` for processing. This is done using the `process_transaction` method, which takes the signed transaction as an argument.

   ```rust
   banks_client.process_transaction(transaction).await.unwrap();
   ```

4. **Awaiting the Result**: The `process_transaction` method is asynchronous, so it returns a `Future`. The `await` keyword is used to wait for the transaction to be processed. If the transaction is successful, it will return `Ok`, otherwise, it will return an error.

This process allows developers to simulate how their transactions would behave on the Solana network without needing to deploy to the actual blockchain, making it a valuable tool for testing and development.

client, payer, recent_blockhash) = ProgramTest::new(
            "counter_program",
            program_id,
            processor!(process_instruction),
        )
        .start()
        .await;

        // Create a new keypair to use as the address for our counter account
        let counter_keypair = Keypair::new();
        let initial_value: u64 = 42;

        // Step 1: Initialize the counter
        println!("Testing counter initialization...");

        // Create initialization instruction
        let mut init_instruction_data = vec![0]; // 0 = initialize instruction
        init_instruction_data.extend_from_slice(&initial_value.to_le_bytes());

        let initialize_instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(
            program_id,
            &init_instruction_data,
            vec![
                AccountMeta::new(counter_keypair.pubkey(), true),
                AccountMeta::new(payer.pubkey(), true),
                AccountMeta::new_readonly(system_program::id(), false),
            ],
        );

        // Send transaction with initialize instruction
        let mut transaction =
            Transaction::new_with_payer(&[initialize_instruction], Some(&payer.pubkey()));
        transaction.sign(&[&payer, &counter_keypair], recent_blockhash);
        banks_client.process_transaction(transaction).await.unwrap();

        // Check account data
        let account = banks_client
            .get_account(counter_keypair.pubkey())
            .await


[User] What is the significance of the binArray program account in the Meteora system?

[Assistant]
The binArray program account in the Meteora system is significant because it stores the price bins used for liquidity positions within a pool. Here are the key points regarding its importance:

1. **Storage of Price Bins**: The binArray holds the specific price bins that liquidity providers (LPs) can use when creating positions. Each price bin represents a range of prices for which liquidity can be provided.

2. **Rent Requirements**: When a new position is opened and the specific price bins have not been initialized before, the LP must pay rent to create the binArray program account. This rent is non-refundable, which means that if you are the first to create those price bins, you will incur this cost.

3. **Non-Closure**: The binArray program account cannot be closed by Meteora after it has been created, even if you withdraw your liquidity. This is because other LPs may have liquidity in those bins, and closing the account would affect their positions.

4. **Subsequent Use**: Once the binArray is created, other LPs can use the existing price bins without incurring the initial rent cost, making it easier for them to enter positions.

In summary, the binArray program account is crucial for managing liquidity positions and ensuring that price bins are available for LPs to utilize, while also imposing a rent structure that incentivizes the creation of new price bins.

nto those. You can use this link: https://app.meteora.ag/dlmm?internal=true which sets internal=true so that you can see hidden pools on the UI.

What is Volatility Strategy? What are some example use cases for Spot, Curve, Bid Ask?

Please refer to this section.

How often do you need to pay rent on DLMM?
Whenever you open a new position, you will need to pay position rent (refundable) + binArray rent (if the binArray has never been initialized before - non-refundable).

Adding liquidity into the same position would not require additional rent.

I have withdrawn my liquidity, but I did not receive my rent back.
Please close your liquidity position on the pool dashboard.

Why do I sometimes need to pay higher rent than 0.05+ SOL when I open a DLMM position? Why can't I receive this rent back?

If you happen to be the first to create the specific price bins in the pool, meaning no LPs have used those price bins before, you will need to pay the rent to create the binArray program account (that stores the bins) and this rent is unfortunately non-refundable. Meteora can't close that program account because other LPs may have liquidity in those bins. But once they are created no one else has to pay that rent again.

When I withdraw liquidity without closing my position, will fees be automatically claimed?

No, you have to claim fees separately. Alternatively, withdraw AND close position to claim the fees automatically.

When I withdraw liquidity and close my position, will fees b


[User] What does the 'migrations/deploy.js' file do in a Solana project?

[Assistant]
In a Solana project, the `migrations/deploy.js` file is used as a deploy script. This script is responsible for deploying your smart contracts to the Solana blockchain. It typically contains the necessary code to handle the deployment process, ensuring that your program is properly set up on the network.

While the specific contents of `deploy.js` are not detailed in the provided documentation snippet, it generally includes functions to compile the smart contract and send the deployment transaction to the Solana network. This allows developers to automate the deployment process as part of their development workflow.

For a more comprehensive understanding, you would typically look into the contents of the `deploy.js` file itself, which would provide specific commands and configurations used during the deployment process.

tes.
app/: Directory for your application frontend.
tests/: Directory for JavaScript integration tests.
migrations/deploy.js: Deploy script.
The Anchor framework abstracts away many complexities enabling fast program development.

Build and Test #
To test out this project before making any modifications, just build and test:

anchor build

anchor test

To start writing your own Anchor smart contract, navigate to programs/src/lib.rs.

File Structure Template #
For more complex programs, using a more structured project template would be the best practice. This can be generated with:

anchor init --template multiple

Which creates the following layout inside of programs/src:

├── constants.rs
├── error.rs
├── instructions
│   ├── initialize.rs
│   └── mod.rs
├── lib.rs
└── state
    └── mod.rs

For project file structure best practices, review this document.

Additional Resources #
Anchor book
Getting Started with Anchor
Program Examples

Solana Program Scaffold
Info
This is a beta version of the Solana Toolkit, and is still a WIP. Please post all feedback as a GitHub issue here.

npx create-solana-program

create-solana-program initializes an in-depth workspace with everything you need for general Solana smart contract development. This scaffold allows you to write either native rust smart contracts or Anchor smart contracts.

Program Frameworks #
After running this command, you'll have the option to choose between Shank and Anchor for the program framework:

Shank creates a va


[User] Can QuickNode's getParsedTransaction method be used with cURL?

[Assistant] No, the `getParsedTransaction` method is only supported with the `@solana/web3.js` SDK. If you want to use cURL, you should check out the `getBlock` method examples where the encoding is set to `jsonParsed`.

nt
Request

Curl
curl https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ \
  -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id": 1,"method": "getMultipleAccounts","params": [["vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg","4fYNw3dojWmQ4dXtSGE9epjRGy9pFSx62YypT7avPYvA"],{"dataSlice": {"offset": 0,"length": 0}}]}'
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hi@example.com
getParsedBlock RPC Method
Returns identity and transaction information about a confirmed block in the ledger. The API credit value for this method is 30.
Updated on
Oct 4, 2023
The getParsedTransaction method is only supported with the @solana/web3.js SDK. To use cURL or solana.py, check out the getBlock method examples where the encoding is set to jsonParsed.
Parameters
slot_number
string
The slot number encoded as u64, 64-bit unsigned integer
object
array
The configuration object with the following fields:
commitment
string
The level of commitment required for the query. The options include:
finalized
string
The node will query the most recent block confirmed by the supermajority of the clust


[User] What is the significance of the order of accounts when executing an instruction in Solana?

[Assistant]
In Solana, the order of accounts when executing an instruction is significant because the accounts must be provided in the same order as they are defined in the program for the instruction to execute successfully. This means that when you call an instruction, the program expects the accounts to match the order specified in the program's implementation.

If the accounts are not provided in the correct order, the instruction will fail to execute as intended. This requirement ensures that the program can correctly access and manipulate the accounts based on their expected roles within the instruction.

For example, in the following code snippet, the accounts are iterated in a specific order:

```rust
fn process_initialize_counter(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    initial_value: u64,
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let counter_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let payer_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let system_program = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    Ok(())
}
```

Here, `counter_account`, `payer_account`, and `system_program` must be provided in that exact order when the instruction is called. If they are not, the program may not function correctly, leading to unexpected behavior or errors. Therefore, maintaining the correct order of accounts is crucial for the successful execution of instructions in Solana programs.

ng the instruction on the client side, accounts must be provided in the same order as it is defined in the program for the instruction to execute successfully.

While the variable names for the accounts have no effect on the program's functionality, using descriptive names is recommended.

lib.rs
fn process_initialize_counter(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    initial_value: u64,
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let counter_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let payer_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let system_program = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    Ok(())
}

Before creating an account, we need to:

Specify the space (in bytes) to allocate to the account's data field. Since we're storing a u64 value (count), we need 8 bytes.

Calculate the minimum "rent" balance required. On Solana, accounts must maintain a minimum balance of lamports (rent) based on amount of data stored on the account.

lib.rs
fn process_initialize_counter(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    initial_value: u64,
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let counter_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let payer_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let system_program = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // Size of our counter account
    let account_space = 8; // Size in bytes to store a u64

    // Calculate minimum ba


[User] Where can developers contribute to the documentation of the Solana Toolkit?

[Assistant] Developers can contribute to the documentation of the Solana Toolkit on GitHub. Specifically, they are encouraged to post all feedback as a GitHub issue in the designated repository for the Toolkit.

cations. Please use dedicated/private RPC servers when you launch your application, drop NFTs, etc. The public services are subject to abuse and rate limits may change without prior notice. Likewise, high-traffic websites may be blocked without prior notice.

Common HTTP Error Codes #
403 -- Your IP address or website has been blocked. It is time to run your own RPC server(s) or find a private service.
429 -- Your IP address is exceeding the rate limits. Slow down! Use the Retry-After HTTP response header to determine how long to wait before making another request.

The Solana Toolkit
Info
This is a beta version of the Solana Toolkit, and is still a WIP. Please post all feedback as a GitHub issue here.

The Solana Program development toolkit is published as the mucho npm package. The mucho command will be used to run most of the Solana program development tools - mucho tools, one cli.

You can contribute to this Toolkit book on GitHub.

Now let's Get Started!

Getting Started with the Solana Toolkit
Info
This is a beta version of the Solana Toolkit, and is still a WIP. Please post all feedback as a GitHub issue here.

The Solana Program development toolkit is publish as the mucho npm package. The mucho command will be used to run most of the Solana program development tools within the toolkit - mucho tools, one cli.

Installation #
To get started, install The Solana Toolkit:

npx -y mucho@latest install

This will install the latest versions of the following:

Solana CLI / Ag