[User] What is the difference between the mint authority and the freeze authority in a Solana Mint Account?

[Assistant]
In a Solana Mint Account, the mint authority and the freeze authority serve distinct purposes:

1. **Mint Authority**: This is the account that is authorized to create new units of the token. The mint authority can only be set during the creation of the mint account. If the mint authority is present, it has the ability to increase the total supply of the token by minting new tokens to a specified token account.

2. **Freeze Authority**: This authority allows an account to freeze tokens from being transferred from token accounts. The freeze authority can be set during the mint account creation, and it can prevent token transfers, effectively pausing the movement of tokens held in associated token accounts.

In summary, the mint authority is responsible for minting new tokens and increasing supply, while the freeze authority controls the ability to freeze token transfers.

l the instruction logic for interacting with tokens on the network (both fungible and non-fungible). All tokens on Solana are effectively data accounts owned by the Token Program.

You can find the full list of Token Program instructions here.

Token Program
Token Program

A few commonly used instructions include:

InitializeMint: Create a new mint account to represent a new type of token.
InitializeAccount: Create a new token account to hold units of a specific type of token (mint).
MintTo: Create new units of a specific type of token and add them to a token account. This increases the supply of the token and can only be done by the mint authority of the mint account.
Transfer: Transfer units of a specific type of token from one token account to another.
Mint Account #
Tokens on Solana are uniquely identified by the address of a Mint Account owned by the Token Program. This account is effectively a global counter for a specific token, and stores data such as:

Supply: Total supply of the token
Decimals: Decimal precision of the token
Mint authority: The account authorized to create new units of the token, thus increasing the supply
Freeze authority: The account authorized to freeze tokens from being transferred from "token accounts"
Mint Account
Mint Account

The full details stored on each Mint Account include the following:

pub struct Mint {
    /// Optional authority used to mint new tokens. The mint authority may only
    /// be provided during mint creation. If no mint


[User] What is the nature of the relationship between the Parties as defined in the Jupiter agreement?

[Assistant] The nature of the relationship between the Parties, as defined in the Jupiter agreement, is that of independent contractors. The agreement explicitly states that nothing in the agreement shall be construed to create a relationship of an employer and employee, joint venture, partnership, or joint association.

o this Agreement are duly organized and validly existing in good standing with all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and conduct its business as is now being conducted. Neither Party is identified on, or engages in any transactions with anyone else listed on, any sanctions list maintained by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”) and have shared with each other a copy of their Articles of Incorporation and Significant Shareholder list.

2.5 Independent Contractor Relationship. The relationship between the Parties is that of independent contractors. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to create anything like the relationship of an employer and employee, joint venture, partnership, or joint association.

3. Other Rights and Limitations
3.1. Copies. Licensee may copy the API or SDK only as necessary to exercise its rights hereunder.

3.2. No Reverse Engineering. Licensee shall have no rights to any source code for any of the software in the API, except for the explicit rights to use the source code as provided to Licensee hereunder. Licensee may not reverse engineer, decompile, modify, disassemble or otherwise alter the API or any part thereof or otherwise reduce the API to human-perceivable form in whole or in part, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by this Agreement or applicable laws.

3.3. Third Party Software. Licensee acknowledges that effective utilization of t


[User] Can you explain the significance of the openTime attribute in a Jupiter position?

[Assistant]
The `openTime` attribute in a Jupiter position signifies the time at which the position was opened, represented in UNIX timestamp format. This timestamp is crucial for several reasons:

1. **Position Duration**: It allows users to calculate how long the position has been active. This can be important for assessing the performance of the position over time.

2. **Market Analysis**: Knowing when a position was opened can help traders analyze market conditions at that time, which may influence their decision-making for future trades.

3. **Risk Management**: Understanding the age of a position can assist in risk management strategies, such as determining whether to hold or close a position based on its duration and market movements.

4. **Performance Tracking**: It aids in tracking the performance of the position relative to market changes since its opening.

In summary, the `openTime` attribute is significant as it provides temporal context for the position, which can inform trading strategies and risk assessments.

he its price impact fee scalar, tokens locked currently for potential profit payoffs, and other data used by the Jupiter Perpetuals exchanged.
collateralCustody: The public key / address for the position's collateral custody account.

Like the custody account, a collateral custody account in the Jupiter Perpetuals exchange contains information for the token that's used as collateral for the position (SOL / wETH / wBTC for long positions, USDC / USDT for short positions). The borrow rates for the position will also be calculated based on the position's collateralCustody.
openTime: The open time of the position in UNIX timestamp format.

updateTime: The time the position was last updated in UNIX timestamp format.

side: The position's side (long / short).

price: The entry price of the position when it was opened. The entry price is an integer corresponding to the number of decimals used by the USDC / USDT mint (6 decimal places). For example, a value of 158225872 is equal to $158.22 (before rounding up) after factoring in the decimals.

sizeUsd: The position size after leverage in USD and integer format as explained in price. A position with sizeUsd = 0 is treated as a closed position.

collateralUsd: The position's collateral size after fees in USD and integer format as explained in price.

realisedPnlUsd: The position's realized PNL when closing the position partially. When a profitable position is closed completely, the position's realisedPnlUsd will be 0 as the position is


[User] What does the `PublicKey` class represent in the context of Solana transactions?

[Assistant]
In the context of Solana transactions, the `PublicKey` class represents a public key associated with various entities in the Solana blockchain. This includes keys for accounts, programs, and other on-chain data. Public keys are crucial for identifying accounts and ensuring secure transactions.

Here’s how the `PublicKey` class is typically used:

1. **Account Identification**: Each account on the Solana blockchain is identified by a unique public key. This key is used to reference the account in transactions and to verify ownership.

2. **Program Interaction**: When interacting with smart contracts (programs) on Solana, the public key of the program is used to specify which program the transaction should interact with.

3. **Token Minting and Accounts**: In the context of SPL tokens, the `PublicKey` is used to identify the token mint and the associated token accounts.

Here’s a code example demonstrating how to create a `PublicKey` instance:

```javascript
import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

// Creating a PublicKey instance for a token mint
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey("8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV");

// Creating a PublicKey instance for a token account
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey("2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5");
```

In this example, `mintPubkey` and `tokenAccountPubkey` are instances of the `PublicKey` class that represent specific token mint and account addresses on the Solana blockchain.

ait sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
        feePayer,
        alice /* fee payer + owner */,
      ])}`,
    );
  }
})();

How to Burn Tokens
You can burn tokens if you are the token account authority.

burn-token.ts
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import { burnChecked, createBurnCheckedInstruction } from "@solana/spl-token";
import bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2",
    ),
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp",
    ),
  );

  const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
    "8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV",
  );

  const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
    "2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5",
  );

  // 1) use build-in function
  {
    let txhash = await burnChecked(
      connection, // connection
      feePayer, // payer
      tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
      mintPubkey, // mint
      alice, // owner
      1e8, // amount, if your decimals is 8, 10^8 for 1 token


[User] How does the inclusion of optional seeds affect the PDA derived in Solana?

[Assistant]
The inclusion of optional seeds when deriving a Program Derived Address (PDA) in Solana directly affects the resulting PDA. Each unique combination of optional seeds and the program ID will yield a different PDA.

For example, when you derive a PDA without any optional seeds, the following code snippet shows how it is done:

```javascript
import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

const programId = new PublicKey("11111111111111111111111111111111");

const [PDA, bump] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync([], programId);

console.log(`PDA: ${PDA}`);
console.log(`Bump: ${bump}`);
```

In this case, the output might be:

```
PDA: Cu7NwqCXSmsR5vgGA3Vw9uYVViPi3kQvkbKByVQ8nPY9
Bump: 255
```

Now, if you include an optional seed, such as "helloWorld", the PDA derived will be different:

```javascript
import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

const programId = new PublicKey("11111111111111111111111111111111");
const string = "helloWorld";

const [PDA, bump] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
  [Buffer.from(string)],
  programId,
);

console.log(`PDA: ${PDA}`);
console.log(`Bump: ${bump}`);
```

The output for this example will be:

```
PDA: 46GZzzetjCURsdFPb7rcnspbEMnCBXe9kpjrsZAkKb6X
Bump: 254
```

This demonstrates that the inclusion of the optional seed "helloWorld" results in a different PDA (`46GZzzetjCURsdFPb7rcnspbEMnCBXe9kpjrsZAkKb6X`) compared to the PDA derived without any seeds (`Cu7NwqCXSmsR5vgGA3Vw9uYVViPi3kQvkbKByVQ8nPY9`).

Additionally, the bump seed value also changes based on the optional seeds used. The bump seed is the first value (between 255-0) that derives a valid PDA for the given combination of optional seeds and program ID. In the first example, the bump seed was 255, while in the second example, it was 254, indicating that the inclusion of the seed affected the validity of the derived address.

In summary, the optional seeds play a crucial role in determining both the PDA and the bump seed, allowing for a wide variety of unique addresses to be generated from the same program ID.

indProgramAddressSync returns both the address (PDA) and bump seed used to derive the PDA.

The example below derives a PDA without providing any optional seeds.

import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

const programId = new PublicKey("11111111111111111111111111111111");

const [PDA, bump] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync([], programId);

console.log(`PDA: ${PDA}`);
console.log(`Bump: ${bump}`);

You can run this example on Solana Playground. The PDA and bump seed output will always be the same:

PDA: Cu7NwqCXSmsR5vgGA3Vw9uYVViPi3kQvkbKByVQ8nPY9
Bump: 255

The next example below adds an optional seed "helloWorld".

import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

const programId = new PublicKey("11111111111111111111111111111111");
const string = "helloWorld";

const [PDA, bump] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
  [Buffer.from(string)],
  programId,
);

console.log(`PDA: ${PDA}`);
console.log(`Bump: ${bump}`);

You can also run this example on Solana Playground. The PDA and bump seed output will always be the same:

PDA: 46GZzzetjCURsdFPb7rcnspbEMnCBXe9kpjrsZAkKb6X
Bump: 254

Note that the bump seed is 254. This means that 255 derived a point on the Ed25519 curve, and is not a valid PDA.

The bump seed returned by findProgramAddressSync is the first value (between 255-0) for the given combination of optional seeds and program ID that derives a valid PDA.

Info
This first valid bump seed is referred to as the "canonical bump". For program security, it is recommende


[User] What is the purpose of Raydium's bug bounty program?

[Assistant]
Raydium's bug bounty program aims to enhance the security of its open-source Concentrated Liquidity Market Maker (CLMM) smart contracts by preventing thefts and freezing of funds. The program is focused on identifying vulnerabilities and bugs within the smart contracts, ensuring that any potential issues are reported and addressed promptly.

UI bugs do not qualify for the bug bounty program, emphasizing that the focus is strictly on smart contract vulnerabilities. Participants who report vulnerabilities can receive rewards based on the severity of the issue, which is classified according to the Immunefi Vulnerability Severity Classification System V2.2.

RjP4z

Ecosystem Farms

FarmqiPv5eAj3j1GMdMCMUGXqPUvmquZtMy86QH6rzhG

Upgrade Authority

GThUX1Atko4tqhN2NaiTazWSeFWMuiUvfFnyJyUghFMJ

Description
Address
AMM Routing

routeUGWgWzqBWFcrCfv8tritsqukccJPu3q5GPP3xS

AcceleRaytor

9HzJyW1qZsEiSfMUf6L2jo3CcTKAyBmSyKdwQeYisHrC

Upgrade Authority

8aSRiwajnkCP3ZhWTqTGJBy82ELo3Rt1CoEk5Hyjiqiy

Bug Bounty Program
Program Overview

Raydium's full bug bounty program with ImmuneFi can be found at the below link

 https://immunefi.com/bounty/raydium/

The bug bounty program covers Raydium's open-source Concentrated Liquidity Market Maker (CLMM) smart contracts and is focused on preventing thefts and freezing of funds. UI bugs do not qualify for the bug bounty program.

If you have information on vulnerabilities or bugs, please go through the official channels on the ImmuneFi program site:  https://immunefi.com/bounty/raydium/

Rewards
Rewards are distributed according to the impact of the vulnerability based on the Immunefi Vulnerability Severity Classification System V2.2.

Smart Contracts

Critical USD 50,000 to USD 505,000

High USD 40,000

Medium USD 5,000

All bug reports must include a Proof of Concept (PoC) demonstrating how the vulnerability can be exploited to impact an asset-in-scope to be eligible for a reward. Critical and High severity bug reports should also include a suggestion for a fix. Explanations and statements are not accepted as PoC and code is required.

Critical smart contract vulnerabilities are capped at 10%


[User] How does the /networks/new_pools API endpoint differ from the /networks/{network}/new_pools API in GeckoTerminal?

[Assistant]
The `/networks/new_pools` API endpoint and the `/networks/{network}/new_pools` API endpoint in GeckoTerminal serve similar purposes but differ in their scope of operation:

1. **Scope**:
   - The `/networks/new_pools` endpoint queries new pools discovered across **all networks**. This means it aggregates data from multiple networks and provides a broader view of new pools.
   - The `/networks/{network}/new_pools` endpoint, on the other hand, queries new pools discovered specifically for a **single specified network**. This allows users to focus on new pools within a particular blockchain network.

2. **Usage**:
   - To use the `/networks/new_pools` endpoint, you do not need to specify a network, as it will return data for all networks.
   - To use the `/networks/{network}/new_pools` endpoint, you need to replace `{network}` with the actual network identifier (e.g., Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain) to get the relevant data for that specific network.

In summary, the main difference lies in the granularity of the data returned: one provides a comprehensive view across all networks, while the other focuses on a single network.

 to obtain price in the network's native currency in addition to in USD.

reserve_in_usd added to the pools endpoint response. This returns total liquidity/reserve of the pool in USD.

pool_created_at added to the pools endpoint response.

/networks/{network}/new_pools API endpoint added to query new pools discovered for a network

/networks/new_pools API endpoint added to query new pools discovered across all networks

23 March 2023:
ohlcv endpoint returns more granularity day, hour, minute and multiple aggregates

🛠
Clients/Libraries (Unofficial)
These are open-sourced projects owned by their respective maintainers and community. CoinGecko is not responsible for maintaining the compatibility of these projects - please DYOR.

Note: These wrappers are for GeckoTerminal API only. For CoinGecko API clients, check them out at the CoinGecko API doc.

Wrapper
Link
Rust

https://github.com/dineshpinto/geckoterminal-rs

Python

https://github.com/dineshpinto/geckoterminal-api

Python

https://github.com/cardosofede/geckoterminal-py

Python

https://github.com/samuel-poon/geckoterminal

Kotlin

https://github.com/Viktor-Kollegov/geckoterminal-kotlin-api-ktor


[User] What is the significance of the 'mint' variable generated in the Solana NFT creation process?

[Assistant]
In the Solana NFT creation process, the `mint` variable represents the address of the newly created mint account for the NFT. This mint account is crucial because it holds the metadata and the supply information for the NFT.

When you create an NFT, you need a mint address to uniquely identify the NFT on the Solana blockchain. The mint address is used to track ownership and transfer of the NFT, as well as to associate it with its metadata, which includes details like the name, URI, and any associated attributes.

Here’s a relevant code snippet from the NFT creation process that illustrates the generation of the `mint` variable:

```javascript
console.log("Generating new mint address...");
const mint = generateSigner(umi);
```

In this snippet, the `generateSigner(umi)` function is called to create a new mint address. This address will be used in the subsequent `createNft` function to establish the NFT's identity on the blockchain.

Overall, the `mint` variable is significant as it serves as the unique identifier for the NFT, linking it to its metadata and enabling the management of ownership and transfers within the Solana ecosystem.

ana/web3.js";
import {
  createNft,
  fetchDigitalAsset,
  mplTokenMetadata,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata";
import "dotenv/config";

(async () => {
  try {
    console.log("Loading keypair from environment...");
    const privateKey = JSON.parse(process.env.SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY || "[]");
    if (privateKey.length === 0) {
      throw new Error("SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY is not set in .env file");
    }

    console.log("Creating Umi instance...");
    const umi = createUmi(clusterApiUrl("devnet"));

    const keypair = umi.eddsa.createKeypairFromSecretKey(
      new Uint8Array(privateKey),
    );

    // Use keypairIdentity to set the keypair as the signer
    const signer = keypairIdentity(keypair);
    umi.use(signer);
    umi.use(mplTokenMetadata());

    console.log("Keypair loaded. Public key:", keypair.publicKey);

    console.log("Generating new mint address...");
    const mint = generateSigner(umi);

    console.log("Creating NFT...");
    const { signature } = await createNft(umi, {
      mint,
      name: "My NFT",
      // Replace this with your Arweave metadata URI
      uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
      maxSupply: 1,
      sellerFeeBasisPoints: percentAmount(0),
      creators: [
        {
          address: keypair.publicKey,
          share: 100,
          verified: true,
        },
      ],
    }).sendAndConfirm(umi);

    console.log("NFT created su


[User] What is the impact of the platform fee on the amount of SOL received in a transaction on Jupiter?

[Assistant]
The platform fee on Jupiter is 0.1%, which is applied at the time of order or transaction execution. This fee reduces the amount of SOL received in a transaction.

For example, if you were to swap $300 USDC for SOL, the amount of SOL you would receive is calculated based on the price of SOL at the time of the transaction, minus the platform fee.

Here's how it works:

1. **Calculate the initial amount of SOL received**:
   - If the price of SOL is $20 USDC/SOL, you would initially calculate:
     \[
     \text{SOL received} = \frac{300}{20} = 15 \text{ SOL}
     \]

2. **Apply the platform fee**:
   - After applying the 0.1% fee, the amount of SOL received would be:
     \[
     \text{SOL after fee} = 15 \times \left(1 - \frac{0.1}{100}\right) = 15 \times 0.999 = 14.985 \text{ SOL}
     \]

Thus, the platform fee reduces the total amount of SOL received from the initial calculation. This process is repeated for each transaction, where the fee is deducted from the amount of SOL calculated based on the current price at the time of execution.

ction to swap the next $300 USDC for SOL will take place approximately 24 hours later after the initial transaction.
Your third or last transaction to swap the remaining $300 USDC for SOL will take place approximately 24 hours after the second order and so on and so forth.
The amount of SOL you receive depends on the price at the point in time when the transaction executes.

Continuing with the previous example:

During the first order, if the price of SOL is $20 USDC / SOL, you will receive 300 / 20 = 15 SOL.
During the second order, if the price of SOL is $25 USDC / SOL , you will receive 300 / 25 = 12 SOL.
During the third order, if the price of SOL is $15 USDC / SOL, you will receive 300 / 15 = 20 SOL.
There is a platform fee of 0.1% for Jupiter DCA. This fee is applied at time of order/ transaction execution. With the previous example:

For the first order, instead of receiving 15 SOL, 15 * (100 - 0.1) % = 14.985 SOL, user will receive 14.985 SOL.
For the second order, 12 * (100 - 0.1) % = 11.988 SOL, user will receive 11.988 SOL.
Automatic Transfer of Purchased Tokens on every order
You will receive purchased tokens in your wallet within the same transaction of each order.

As an example, you choose to DCA $900 USDC over 3 days into SOL.

On Day 1, you will receive $300 USDC worth of SOL in your wallet automatically. If the price of SOL is $30 USDC / SOL, you will receive 9.97 SOL (net of fees) in your wallet.
On Day 2, you will receive $300 USDC worth of SOL in your wa


[User] Can users deposit any amount they want in the FCFS mode of Meteora's Alpha Vault? If so, under what conditions?

[Assistant]
In the FCFS (First Come First Serve) mode of Meteora's Alpha Vault, users can deposit as much as they want initially. However, this is subject to the condition that the total amount deposited does not exceed the Alpha Vault's maximum buying cap, which is defined as the maximum amount of deposits that the Alpha Vault accepts.

To summarize, while users can deposit any amount they wish during the deposit period, they must ensure that the total deposits do not surpass the established maximum buying cap of the Alpha Vault.

eeds.

Important Reminder: Claim start time should NOT be earlier than Pool activation time
For a new token launch, the project should ensure that token claiming from the Alpha Vault is NOT possible before the launch pool trading activation or before the token starts trading anywhere, whether on a Dynamic AMM or DLMM Pool. If users are able to claim tokens before the launch pool/token starts trading, they may create a separate market with a price that deviates from the project's preferred launch price.

Read how to configure Alpha Vault timings here.

How to calculate the token amount to receive?
Amount of tokens to receive = Your USDC used by vault to buy tokens / Average Vault Price

Example:

Your USDC used by vault to buy tokens = 100

Average Vault Price = 0.061396 USDC per token

Amount of tokens you’ll receive = 100 / 0.061396 = 1,628.77 tokens

Note: Meteora cannot guarantee that market price after the launch will remain above the average vault price over time before all tokens are vested/unlocked. This is a risk that users have to consider.

Example Timeline (Alpha Vault: Pro rata mode)

2. FCFS (First Come First Serve) Mode
Alpha Vault has another mode called FCFS (First Come First Serve), which follows a similar process to Pro Rata mode, but with the following differences:

Unlike Pro rata mode, in FCFS mode, during the deposit period, Alpha Vault max buying cap = max amount of deposits the Alpha Vault accepts. Users can deposit as much as they want initially, but


[User] How can I specify the hostname of the server or instance in QuickNode?

[Assistant]
In QuickNode, you can specify the hostname of the server or instance by using the endpoint URL provided for your QuickNode service. The hostname is part of the endpoint URL, which typically follows the format:

```
https://<hostname>:<port>
```

For example, if your QuickNode endpoint is:

```
https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/abcde123456789
```

The hostname in this case would be:

```
docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro
```

When setting up your gRPC connection in your code, you would use this hostname along with the appropriate port number (which is usually `10000` for gRPC) to establish the connection.

Here is a code snippet demonstrating how to specify the hostname in your gRPC connection setup:

```go
var (
	endpoint = "docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro:10000" // Hostname with port
	token    = "YOUR_TOKEN_NUMBER"
)

func main() {
	opts := []grpc.DialOption{
		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewTLS(&tls.Config{})),
		// Additional options...
	}

	conn, err := grpc.Dial(endpoint, opts...) // Use the specified hostname
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	// Continue with your client setup...
}
```

Make sure to replace `YOUR_TOKEN_NUMBER` with your actual token for authentication.

uilt
extra
object
The extra object which contains the following fields:
hostname
string
The hostname of the server or instance running the plugin
Request

Go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	pb "yellowstone/proto"

	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/encoding/gzip"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
)

// QuickNode endpoints consist of two crucial components: the endpoint name and the corresponding token
// For eg: QN Endpoint: https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/abcde123456789
// endpoint will be: docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro:10000  {10000 is the port number for gRPC}
// token will be : abcde123456789

var (
	endpoint = "YOUR_QN_ENDPOINT:10000"
	token    = "YOUR_TOKEN_NUMBER"
)

func main() {
	opts := []grpc.DialOption{
		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewTLS(&tls.Config{})),
		grpc.WithKeepaliveParams(kacp),
		grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(1024*1024*1024), grpc.UseCompressor(gzip.Name)),
		grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(tokenAuth{token: token}),
	}

	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(endpoint, opts...)
	if err != null {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	client := pb.NewGeyserClient(conn)

    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
    defer cancel()

    version, err := client.GetVersion(ctx, &pb.GetVersionRequest{})
	if err != null {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to get version: %v


[User] What are the risks associated with using public RPC servers for Solana applications?

[Assistant]
Using public RPC (Remote Procedure Call) servers for Solana applications comes with several risks, including:

1. **Abuse and Rate Limits**: Public RPC servers are subject to abuse, which can lead to rate limits being imposed. These limits may change without prior notice, potentially disrupting your application's functionality.

2. **IP Blocking**: If your application generates too much traffic or is flagged for any reason, your IP address or website may be blocked from accessing the public RPC servers. This can halt your application's operations until you switch to a different server or resolve the issue.

3. **Unpredictability**: Since public services can change their rate limits or block access without warning, relying on them can introduce unpredictability into your application's performance and reliability.

To mitigate these risks, it is recommended to use dedicated or private RPC servers when launching applications, dropping NFTs, or performing other critical operations.

cations. Please use dedicated/private RPC servers when you launch your application, drop NFTs, etc. The public services are subject to abuse and rate limits may change without prior notice. Likewise, high-traffic websites may be blocked without prior notice.

Common HTTP Error Codes #
403 -- Your IP address or website has been blocked. It is time to run your own RPC server(s) or find a private service.
429 -- Your IP address is exceeding the rate limits. Slow down! Use the Retry-After HTTP response header to determine how long to wait before making another request.

The Solana Toolkit
Info
This is a beta version of the Solana Toolkit, and is still a WIP. Please post all feedback as a GitHub issue here.

The Solana Program development toolkit is published as the mucho npm package. The mucho command will be used to run most of the Solana program development tools - mucho tools, one cli.

You can contribute to this Toolkit book on GitHub.

Now let's Get Started!

Getting Started with the Solana Toolkit
Info
This is a beta version of the Solana Toolkit, and is still a WIP. Please post all feedback as a GitHub issue here.

The Solana Program development toolkit is publish as the mucho npm package. The mucho command will be used to run most of the Solana program development tools within the toolkit - mucho tools, one cli.

Installation #
To get started, install The Solana Toolkit:

npx -y mucho@latest install

This will install the latest versions of the following:

Solana CLI / Ag


[User] What are the potential effects of validator commissions on the Staking Yield in Solana?

[Assistant]
Validator commissions can significantly impact the Staking Yield in Solana. The Staking Yield that a staker might expect is influenced by the commissions charged by validators, which are fees taken from the rewards earned for validating transactions. Here are the potential effects:

1. **Reduction in Net Rewards**: Higher validator commissions will reduce the net rewards received by stakers. For example, if a validator charges a 10% commission, only 90% of the rewards will be distributed to the stakers. This directly lowers the effective Staking Yield for those who have delegated their tokens to that validator.

2. **Incentive for Stakers to Choose Validators**: Stakers may choose validators based on their commission rates. Validators with lower commissions may attract more delegations, potentially leading to a more competitive environment among validators. This could encourage validators to lower their commissions to attract more stakers, which could help maintain or increase overall Staking Yield.

3. **Impact on Staking Decisions**: If stakers perceive that the commissions are too high relative to the expected rewards, they may decide to withdraw their stakes and delegate to other validators with more favorable commission structures. This could lead to a redistribution of staked SOL across the network, affecting the overall staking dynamics.

4. **Volatility in Staking Yield**: As validator commissions can change over time, this can introduce volatility in the Staking Yield. Stakers need to continuously evaluate the commission rates of their chosen validators against the expected rewards to make informed staking decisions.

In summary, validator commissions play a crucial role in determining the actual Staking Yield received by stakers on the Solana network, influencing both individual decisions and the broader staking ecosystem.

or uptime and commissions, the expected Staking Yield and Adjusted Staking Yield metrics are then primarily a function of the % of total SOL staked on the network. Therefore we can model Staking Yield, if we introduce an additional parameter % of Staked SOL:

This parameter must be estimated because it is a dynamic property of the token holders and staking incentives. The values of % of Staked SOL presented here range from 60% - 90%, which we feel covers the likely range we expect to observe, based on feedback from the investor and validator communities as well as what is observed on comparable Proof-of-Stake protocols.

Example staked yields graph
Example staked yields graph

Again, the above shows an example Staked Yield that a staker might expect over time on the Solana network with the Inflation Schedule as specified. This is an idealized Staked Yield as it neglects validator uptime impact on rewards, validator commissions, potential yield throttling and potential slashing incidents. It additionally ignores that % of Staked SOL is dynamic by design - the economic incentives set up by this Inflation Schedule are more clearly seen when Token Dilution is taken into account (see the Adjusted Staking Yield section below).

Inflation Related Terminology
Many terms are thrown around when discussing inflation and the related components (e.g. rewards/yield/interest), we try to define and clarify some commonly used concept here:

Total Current Supply [SOL] #
The total amount of tok


[User] How can one use the 'SystemProgram.transfer' function in Helius to transfer lamports?

[Assistant]
To use the `SystemProgram.transfer` function in Helius for transferring lamports, you need to create a transaction that includes a transfer instruction. Below is a step-by-step guide along with a code example.

### Steps to Transfer Lamports

1. **Import Required Modules**: Ensure you have the necessary modules imported, such as `Transaction`, `SystemProgram`, and your connection to the Solana blockchain.

2. **Create a Transaction**: Instantiate a new `Transaction` object.

3. **Create Transfer Instruction**: Use `SystemProgram.transfer` to create a transfer instruction, specifying the sender's public key, the recipient's public key, and the amount of lamports to transfer.

4. **Add Instruction to Transaction**: Add the transfer instruction to the transaction.

5. **Set Recent Blockhash**: Retrieve the latest blockhash and set it for the transaction.

6. **Sign the Transaction**: Sign the transaction with the sender's keypair.

7. **Send the Transaction**: Use a function to send the transaction and confirm it.

### Code Example

Here is a code snippet demonstrating how to transfer lamports using `SystemProgram.transfer`:

```javascript
const { Transaction, SystemProgram, sendAndConfirmTransaction } = require('@solana/web3.js');

async function transferLamports(fromKeypair, toPubkey, lamports, connection) {
  // Step 1: Create a new transaction
  const transaction = new Transaction();

  // Step 2: Create transfer instruction
  const transferIx = SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toPubkey,
    lamports: lamports,
  });

  // Step 3: Add instruction to transaction
  transaction.add(transferIx);

  // Step 4: Set recent blockhash
  transaction.recentBlockhash = (await connection.getLatestBlockhash()).blockhash;

  // Step 5: Sign the transaction
  transaction.sign(fromKeypair);

  // Step 6: Send the transaction
  try {
    const txid = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromKeypair]);
    console.log(`Transaction sent successfully with signature ${txid}`);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`Failed to send transaction: ${e}`);
  }
}

// Example usage
const fromKeypair = /* Your sender's keypair */;
const toPubkey = /* Recipient's public key */;
const lamports = 100; // Amount to transfer
const connection = /* Your connection to the Solana cluster */;

transferLamports(fromKeypair, toPubkey, lamports, connection);
```

### Explanation of the Code

- **fromKeypair**: This is the keypair of the sender, which is required to sign the transaction.
- **toPubkey**: This is the public key of the recipient.
- **lamports**: This is the amount of lamports you wish to transfer.
- **connection**: This is your connection instance to the Solana blockchain, which allows you to interact with it.

By following these steps and using the provided code, you can effectively transfer lamports using the `SystemProgram.transfer` function in Helius.

[
        {
          transaction: bs58.encode(transaction.serialize()), // Pass the serialized transaction in Base58
          options: { priorityLevel: priorityLevel },
        },
      ],
    }),
  });
  const data = await response.json();
  console.log(
    "Fee in function for",
    priorityLevel,
    " :",
    data.result.priorityFeeEstimate
  );
  return data.result;
}
async function sendTransactionWithPriorityFee(priorityLevel) {
  const transaction = new Transaction();
  const transferIx = SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
    toPubkey,
    lamports: 100,
  });
  transaction.add(transferIx);

  let feeEstimate = { priorityFeeEstimate: 0 };
  if (priorityLevel !== "NONE") {
    feeEstimate = await getPriorityFeeEstimate(priorityLevel, transaction);
    const computePriceIx = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({
      microLamports: feeEstimate.priorityFeeEstimate,
    });
    transaction.add(computePriceIx);
  }

  transaction.recentBlockhash = (
    await connection.getLatestBlockhash()
  ).blockhash;
  transaction.sign(fromKeypair);

  try {
    const txid = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
      fromKeypair,
    ]);
    console.log(`Transaction sent successfully with signature ${txid}`);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`Failed to send transaction: ${e}`);
  }
}

sendTransactionWithPriorityFee("High"); // Choose between "Min", "Low", "Medium", "High", "VeryHigh", "UnsafeMax"
The evaluateEmptySlotAsZer


[User] What programming languages can be used for client-side development on Solana?

[Assistant]
For client-side development on Solana, you can use any programming language you are comfortable with. However, there are community-contributed SDKs available for several popular languages to help you interact with the Solana network. The following languages and their corresponding SDKs are supported:

- **Rust**: `solana_sdk`
- **Typescript**: `@solana/web3.js`
- **Python**: `solders`
- **Java**: `solanaj` or `solana4j`
- **C++**: `solcpp`
- **Go**: `solana-go`
- **Kotlin**: `solanaKT` or `sol4k`
- **Dart**: `solana`
- **C#**: `solnet`
- **GdScript**: `godot`

These SDKs facilitate the development of client-side applications that interact with the Solana blockchain.

ur application onchain instead of just on the frontend. Developing on Solana still has CI/CD pipelines, testing, debugging tools, a frontend and backend, and anything you'd find in a normal development flow.

What You'll Need to Get Started #
To get started with Solana development, you'll need different tools based on whether you are developing for client-side, onchain programs, or both.

Client-side Development #
If you're developing onchain apps, you should know Rust.

If you're developing on the client-side, you can work with any programming language you're comfortable with. Solana has community-contributed SDKs to help developers interact with the Solana network in most popular languages :

Language	SDK
RUST	solana_sdk
Typescript	@solana/web3.js
Python	solders
Java	solanaj or solana4j
C++	solcpp
Go	solana-go
Kotlin	solanaKT or sol4k
Dart	solana
C#	solnet
GdScript	godot
You'll also need a connection with an RPC to interact with the network. You can either work with a RPC infrastructure provider or run your own RPC node.

To quickly get started with a front-end for your application, you can generate a customizable Solana scaffold by typing the following into your CLI:

npx create-solana-dapp <project-name>

This will create a new project with all the necessary files and basic configuration to get started building on Solana. The scaffold will include both an example frontend and an onchain program template (if you selected one). You can read the create-solana-dapp docs to le


[User] What does the wrapAndUnwrapSol parameter do in QuickNode's API?

[Assistant]
The `wrapAndUnwrapSol` parameter in QuickNode's API is a boolean option that determines how SOL (Solana's native token) is handled during transactions.

- If set to `true`, the API will automatically wrap or unwrap SOL as needed. This means that it will convert SOL to wSOL (wrapped SOL) or vice versa during the transaction process.
- If set to `false`, the API will use the wSOL token account directly. However, this setting will be ignored if the `destinationTokenAccount` parameter is specified, as that account may belong to a different user, and the API would not have the authority to close it.

By default, the `wrapAndUnwrapSol` parameter is set to `true`.

This functionality is useful for managing token conversions seamlessly within your transactions.

with the coolest stuff in Blockchain every month. Sign up below!

hi@example.com
/swap REST API Endpoint
Returns a transaction that you can use from the quote you get from /quote.
Updated on
Sep 20, 2024
Please note that this method is available for Free and Paid subscribers of Metis - Jupiter V6 Swap API, along with jupiterapi.com users.
Solana Web3.js 2.0 includes the ability to customize RPC methods and transports, allowing you to seamlessly integrate QuickNode Marketplace add-ons into your applications. For more information on how to use QuickNode Marketplace add-ons with Solana Web3.js 2.0, check out these guides: How to Use QuickNode Add-ons using Solana Web3.js 2.0 (Part 1) and How to Use QuickNode Add-ons using Solana Web3.js 2.0 (Part 2)
Important: Always use the parameter useQNMarketCache=true when working with new markets that have been added via POST /markets. Please see /markets documentation for more details.

Query Parameters
userPublicKey
string
REQUIRED
The user public key
wrapAndUnwrapSol
boolean
If set to true, it will automatically wrap/unwrap SOL. If it is false, it will use wSOL token account. It will be ignored if destinationTokenAccount is set because the destinationTokenAccount may belong to a different user that we have no authority to close. By default it is set to true
useSharedAccounts
boolean
This enables the usage of shared program accounts. That means no intermediate token accounts or open orders accounts need to be created for the users. But i


[User] What happens if there is insufficient liquidity on-chain when executing a Limit Order in Jupiter?

[Assistant]
If there is insufficient liquidity on-chain when executing a Limit Order in Jupiter, the keeper will attempt to execute the order in smaller chunks. The goal is to achieve partial fulfillment of the order to ensure the best price with minimal price impact. The keeper will continue this process until the order is fully filled, utilizing available liquidity as it becomes accessible.

This approach allows users to still benefit from the limit order system even when the entire order cannot be fulfilled at once due to liquidity constraints.

ied the limit order details and deposited the funds for the order to be created.

How Limit Order Works
Jupiter Limit Order executes your order based on the price you have set by matching it with the available liquidity on-chain across Solana. Once the order is placed, keepers will continuously monitor the liquidity landscape and execute the limit order when the market price reaches your specified limit.

Not an Order Book
This is not an order book system. The limit order system utilizes a keeper to monitor token prices on-chain and trigger the fulfillment of orders if liquidity is available.

Scenario

If a Limit Order is placed to buy 1 $SOL with 10 USDC at a rate of 10 USDC per $SOL.
The keeper will monitor the price on-chain using Jupiter Price API.
If the keeper detects that the on-chain price of $SOL reaches 10 USDC, it will proceed to execute and fulfill the order.
If the order size is too large, and there is insufficient liquidity on-chain, the keeper will attempt to execute the order in smaller chunks. It will aim for partial fulfillment to ensure the best price with minimal price impact, continuing until the order is fully filled.
The executed order, whether fully or partially fulfilled, will be automatically transferred to your wallet.
Key Benefits
Users are able to create limit orders, providing a Centralized Exchange (CEX) experience on Solana.
Liquidity from anywhere on Solana is utilized to fulfill the trade.
Users can place an order with an expiration time. At


[User] What is the purpose of the 'readonly' field in the QuickNode transaction status metadata object?

[Assistant] The 'readonly' field in the QuickNode transaction status metadata object serves to provide an ordered list of base-58 encoded addresses for accounts that are loaded in a read-only manner. This means that these accounts can be accessed for information but cannot be modified during the transaction. This field helps to identify which accounts were accessed without the ability to change their state.

transaction status metadata object with the following fields:
err
Error code if the transaction failed or null if the transaction succeeds
fee
The transaction fee
innerInstructions
The list of inner instructions and it's omitted or null if inner instruction recording was not yet enabled during the transaction
loadedAddresses
The list of loaded addresses objects
readonly
The ordered list of base-58 encoded addresses for readonly loaded accounts
writable
The ordered list of base-58 encoded addresses for writable loaded accounts
logMessages
An array of string log messages. Omitted or null if log message recording was not yet enabled during the transaction
postBalances
An array of u64 account balances after the transaction was processed
postTokenBalances
The list of token balances from after the transaction was processed and it's omitted if inner instruction recording was not yet enabled during the transaction
preBalances
An array of u64 account balances from before the transaction was processed
preTokenBalances
The list of token balances from before the transaction was processed and it's omitted if inner instruction recording was not yet enabled during the transaction
rewards
An array of reward objects detailing the rewards for this block. It is only present if rewards are requested; an array of JSON objects with the following fields:
pubkey
The public key of the account receiving the reward
lamports
The amount of lamports rewarded
postBalance
The balance of the account after re


[User] What steps are involved in the implementation of Wallet Connect with Magic Eden?

[Assistant]
To implement Wallet Connect with Magic Eden, you can follow these steps:

1. **Install Dependencies**: You need to install the necessary packages for Wallet Connect and Wagmi. You can do this using npm:

   ```bash
   npm install @web3modal/wagmi wagmi viem @tanstack/react-query
   ```

2. **Register Your App**: Go to [Wallet Connect's Cloud](https://cloud.walletconnect.com/sign-in) to register your application. During this process, you will receive a project ID that you will need for your setup.

3. **Implementation**: You will implement the connection using Wagmi and the `defaultWagmiConfig` from Web3Modal. While you can customize this configuration to specifically use the Magic Eden wallet or any other wallet, the default configuration is generally sufficient for most use cases.

Here is a basic example of how you might set up the implementation in a React application:

```javascript
import { WagmiConfig, createClient } from 'wagmi';
import { Web3Modal } from '@web3modal/react';

const client = createClient({
  autoConnect: true,
  provider: () => new InjectedConnector(),
});

function App() {
  return (
    <WagmiConfig client={client}>
      <Web3Modal />
      {/* Your application components go here */}
    </WagmiConfig>
  );
}

export default App;
```

This example sets up the Wagmi client and integrates the Web3Modal component, allowing users to connect their wallets, including the Magic Eden wallet, through Wallet Connect. Make sure to customize the configuration as needed for your specific application requirements.

 notice a lot more structure with the parameters needed to invoke signer.sendTransaction . Due to the abstraction and wide use of libraries like ethers, we recommend this method when constructing your evm transactions.

📘
EVM
Library Integrations
Here we will cover a number of EVM wallet connection frameworks that are compatible with the ME wallet. There are numerous benefits for using any of these solutions as they provide an even greater level of abstraction away from the provider and come with native support for many popular injected wallets.

Specifically, we will look at:

Wallet Connect

Rainbow Kit

Wagmi

We'll ignore other solutions that don't (yet) have native integration for the ME wallet, even if you are able to use it via EIP-6963

Wallet Connect
the ME wallet works out of the box with the wallet connect Appkit / Web3modal. Their documentation is extensive, so we will keep this short.

Here we'll walk through an example in React, but check out their docs for other compatible frameworks.

Install Dependencies
Copy
npm install @web3modal/wagmi wagmi viem @tanstack/react-query
Register your App
Head to https://cloud.walletconnect.com/sign-in to register your app. You'll need the project Id to complete your setup

Implementation
The implementation steps make use of Wagmi, and the defaultWagmiConfig we can import from web3Modal. We can customize this to strictly make use of the ME wallet or any specific wallet, but the default config is good for our use case.

Here


[User] How does Jupiter ensure the transaction is fully confirmed before proceeding with further actions?

[Assistant]
Jupiter ensures that a transaction is fully confirmed by using the `confirmTransaction` method with a specified commitment level. In the provided code snippet, after sending the transaction, it waits for confirmation by calling `connection.confirmTransaction` with the parameters including the transaction signature, blockhash, and last valid block height.

The commitment level is set to `"finalized"`, which means that the transaction must be confirmed and included in a block that has been finalized. This level of commitment ensures that the transaction is not only processed but also securely confirmed on the blockchain.

Here’s the relevant part of the code that demonstrates this:

```javascript
const confirmation = await connection.confirmTransaction({
  signature,
  blockhash: bhInfo.value.blockhash,
  lastValidBlockHeight: bhInfo.value.lastValidBlockHeight,
}, "finalized");

if (confirmation.value.err) {
  throw new Error(`Transaction not confirmed: ${confirmation.value.err.toString()}`);
}
```

If the confirmation fails (i.e., if `confirmation.value.err` is truthy), an error is thrown, indicating that the transaction was not confirmed. This mechanism ensures that further actions are only taken after the transaction has been fully confirmed.

/transactions#commitment
  const simulation = await connection.simulateTransaction(transaction, { commitment: "finalized" });
  if (simulation.value.err) {
    throw new Error(`Simulation failed: ${simulation.value.err.toString()}`);
  }

  // Send the transaction
  try {
    const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction, {
      // NOTE: Adjusting maxRetries to a lower value for trading, as 20 retries can be too much
      // Experiment with different maxRetries values based on your tolerance for slippage and speed
      // Reference: https://solana.com/docs/core/transactions#retrying-transactions
      maxRetries: 5,
      skipPreflight: true,
      preflightCommitment: "finalized",
    });

    // Confirm the transaction
    // Using 'finalized' commitment to ensure the transaction is fully confirmed
    // Reference: https://solana.com/docs/core/transactions#confirmation
    const confirmation = await connection.confirmTransaction({
      signature,
      blockhash: bhInfo.value.blockhash,
      lastValidBlockHeight: bhInfo.value.lastValidBlockHeight,
    }, "finalized");

    if (confirmation.value.err) {
      throw new Error(`Transaction not confirmed: ${confirmation.value.err.toString()}`);
    }

    console.log("Confirmed: ", signature);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Failed: ", error);
    throw error;
  }
}

// Example usage
(async () => {
  try {
    // Generate keypairs for swap user and Bob's wallet, replace with actual keypairs for rea


[User] How does QuickNode represent the transaction fee in the metadata?

[Assistant]
In QuickNode, the transaction fee is represented in the metadata object under the field `fee`. This field contains the total fees paid by all transactions in the block, encoded as a u64 integer.

Here’s a brief example of how the metadata might look:

```json
{
  "meta": {
    "err": null,
    "fee": 5000,
    "innerInstructions": [],
    "postBalances": [1000000, 2000000],
    "preBalances": [1005000, 2000000],
    "rewards": null
  }
}
```

In this example, the `fee` field indicates that the total transaction fees for the block are 5000 lamports.

 details are requested; an array of JSON objects with the following fields:
meta
The transaction status metadata object, which contains additional information about the block and its transactions. The meta object can be null, or it may contain the following fields:
err
Error code if the transaction failed or null if the transaction succeeds
fee
The total fees paid by all transactions in the block encoded as u64 integer
innerInstructions
An array of objects representing the inner instructions of all transactions in the block (omitted if inner instruction recording is not enabled). Each object has the following fields:
logMessages
An array of strings containing any log messages generated by the block's transactions (omitted if inner instruction recording is not enabled)
postBalances
An array of lamport balances for each account in the block after the transactions were processed
postTokenBalances
An array of token balances for each token account in the block after the transactions were processed (omitted if inner instruction recording is not enabled)
preBalances
An array of lamport balances for each account in the block before the transactions were processed
preTokenBalances
An array of token balances for each token account in the block before the transactions were processed (omitted if inner instruction recording is not enabled)
rewards
An object containing information about the rewards earned by the block's validators (only present if the rewards are requested). It has the fol


[User] What does the method 'fetchNullable' do in the context of fetching account data on Solana?

[Assistant]
In the context of fetching account data on Solana, the method `fetchNullable` is used to retrieve the data of an account while allowing for the possibility that the account may not exist.

When you call `fetchNullable`, it attempts to fetch the account data from the specified address. If the account exists, it returns the account data. However, if the account does not exist (for example, if it has been deleted), `fetchNullable` will return `null` instead of throwing an error.

Here is an example of how `fetchNullable` is used:

```javascript
const messageAccount = await program.account.messageAccount.fetchNullable(
  messagePda,
  "confirmed",
);
```

In this example, `messagePda` is the address of the account being fetched. The method will return the account data if it exists or `null` if it doesn't, allowing the code to handle both scenarios gracefully.

essageAccount, null, 2));
+   console.log(
+     "Transaction Signature:",
+     `https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature}?cluster=devnet-solana`
+   );
+ });

Explanation
First, we send a transaction that invokes the update instruction, passing in "Hello, Solana!" as the new message.

anchor.test.ts
const message = "Hello, Solana!";
const transactionSignature = await program.methods
  .update(message)
  .accounts({
    messageAccount: messagePda,
  })
  .rpc({ commitment: "confirmed" });

Once the transaction is sent and the account is updated, we then fetch the account using its address (messagePda).

anchor.test.ts
const messageAccount = await program.account.messageAccount.fetch(
  messagePda,
  "confirmed",
);

Lastly, we log the account data and a link to view the transaction details.

anchor.test.ts
console.log(JSON.stringify(messageAccount, null, 2));
console.log(
  "Transaction Signature:",
  `https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature}?cluster=devnet-solana`,
);

Invoke Delete Instruction #
Update the third test with the following:

anchor.test.ts
it("Delete Message Account", async () => {
  const transactionSignature = await program.methods
    .delete()
    .accounts({
      messageAccount: messagePda,
    })
    .rpc({ commitment: "confirmed" });

  const messageAccount = await program.account.messageAccount.fetchNullable(
    messagePda,
    "confirmed",
  );

  console.log("Expect Null:", JSON.stringify(messageAccount, null, 2));
  console.log(
    "Tran


[User] How does QuickNode differentiate between calculating the priority fee globally versus based on the local fee market in the Jupiter API?

[Assistant]
In the Jupiter API, QuickNode allows users to specify how the priority fee is calculated by using the `global` parameter within the `prioritizationFeeLamports` configuration. This parameter determines whether the fee is calculated globally across the Solana network or based on the local fee market for relevant programs.

Here’s how you can differentiate between the two:

1. **Global Calculation**: If you set the `global` parameter to `true`, the priority fee will be calculated based on the overall network conditions, which may not reflect the specific conditions of the local fee market.

2. **Local Fee Market Calculation**: If you set the `global` parameter to `false`, the priority fee will be calculated based on the local fee market, which takes into account the current demand and supply for transaction processing in the specific context of the programs being used.

Here’s an example of how to specify these parameters in a swap request:

```bash
curl --location 'https://public.jupiterapi.com/swap' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{
        "userPublicKey": "USER_PUBLIC_KEY",
        "prioritizationFeeLamports": {
            "maxLamports": 1000000,
            "global": false,
            "priorityLevel": "high"
        },
        "quoteResponse": {
            // ... response object from quote request
        }
    }'
```

In this example, the `prioritizationFeeLamports` is configured to use a local fee market calculation with a maximum fee cap of 1,000,000 lamports and a priority level of "high".

eral ways to set a priority fee using the Jupiter API:

Auto generate a priority fee instruction using the swap method.
Generate a priority fee instruction with custom parameters using the swap method.
Specify a priority fee amount in the swap method.
Auto-Generate Priority Fee Instruction
The swap method can automatically generate a priority fee instruction for you. To do this, simply include the prioritizationFeeLamports parameter in your swap request:

curl --location 'https://public.jupiterapi.com/swap' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{
        "userPublicKey": "USER_PUBLIC_KEY",
        "prioritizationFeeLamports": "auto",
        "quoteResponse": {
            // ... response object from quote request
        }
    }'

If 'auto' is used, Jupiter will automatically set a priority fee for the transaction, it will be capped at 5,000,000 lamports / 0.005 SOL.

Generate Priority Fee Instruction with Custom Parameters
If you would like more control over how Jupiter estimates you can pass in a priorityLevelWithMaxLamports to the prioritizationFeeLamports parameter. You can specify:

maxLamports value to cap the priority fee at a specific amount of lamports,
global (boolean) to indicate whether the fee is calculated globally across the Solana network or based on the local fee market for relevant programs,
priorityLevel to indicate the level of priority fee to use (medium, high, or veryHigh).
curl --location 'https://public.jupiterapi.com/swap' \


[User] How does the fee in lamports returned by ChainStack's getFeeForMessage method change based on the current fee schedule?

[Assistant]
The fee in lamports returned by ChainStack's `getFeeForMessage` method is determined by the current fee schedule of the Solana network. This fee schedule can change based on various factors, including network congestion, changes in the protocol, or updates to the fee structure by the Solana developers.

When you call the `getFeeForMessage` method, it calculates the cost of processing a specific message based on the current fee schedule at that moment. Therefore, if the network experiences high demand, the fees may increase, while during periods of low activity, the fees could decrease.

To illustrate how to use the `getFeeForMessage` method, here is a JavaScript example that shows how to estimate the fee for a transaction before submitting it:

```javascript
const web3 = require('@solana/web3.js');

async function estimateTransactionFee() {
    const connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl('mainnet-beta'));

    // Create a transaction message for a transfer
    const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
        web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
            fromPubkey: new web3.PublicKey('9WzDXwBbmkg8ZTbNMqUxvQRAyrZzDsGYdLVL9zYtAWWM'),
            toPubkey: new web3.PublicKey('A6132mRJy5zRmGsCCRbMsrbyZkYq6m5yF8pD7x7v8h8g'),
            lamports: 1000000000, // 1 SOL
        })
    );

    // Get the fee for the transaction message
    const feeCalculator = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
    const fee = await connection.getFeeForMessage(transaction.compileMessage(feeCalculator));

    console.log(`Estimated fee in lamports: ${fee}`);
}

estimateTransactionFee();
```

In this example, the `getFeeForMessage` method is used to estimate the fee for a transaction that transfers 1 SOL. The fee may vary depending on the current network conditions and fee schedule at the time the method is called.

a
post
https://nd-326-444-187.p2pify.com/9de47db917d4f69168e3fed02217d15b/
Solana getFeeForMessage method
The Solana getFeeForMessage method returns the fee in lamports that the cluster will charge to process the given message.

This method provides the cost of processing a message based on the current fee schedule. It is useful for estimating the cost of a transaction before it is submitted to the network.

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Parameters
message — the message to calculate the fee for.
Response
value — the fee in lamports that the cluster will charge to process the message.
Use case
A practical use case for getFeeForMessage is to estimate the cost of a transaction before it is submitted to the network. This can be useful for wallets or other applications that need to display or make use of this information.

Here's a script to generate the message data for the 1 SOL transfer:

JavaScript
Python

const web3 = require('@solana/web3.js');

async function createSerializedTransaction() {
    const connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl('mainnet-beta'));

    let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
        web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
            fromPubkey: new web3.PublicKey('9WzDXwBbmkg8ZTbNMqUxvQRAyrZzDsGYdLVL9zYtAWWM'),
            toPubkey: new web3.PublicKey('A6132mRJy5zRmGsCCRbMsrby


[User] What is the required parameter for the 'blockUnsubscribe' method in Helius?

[Assistant]
The required parameter for the `blockUnsubscribe` method in Helius is an integer that represents the Subscription ID to cancel.

Here’s a brief overview:

- **Parameter**: Subscription ID (integer, required)
- **Description**: This ID corresponds to the subscription you wish to cancel.

### Code Example

Here’s how you would structure a request to unsubscribe from block notifications:

```json
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "blockUnsubscribe",
  "params": [0]  // Replace 0 with your actual Subscription ID
}
```

### Response Example

The response will indicate whether the unsubscribe operation was successful:

```json
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": true,  // true indicates success, false indicates failure
  "id": 1
}
```

Make sure to replace the `0` in the `params` array with the actual Subscription ID you wish to cancel.

Z+iwuwI5cgbd9uHXZaGT2cvhRs7reawctIXtX1s3kTqM9YV+/wCpDLAp8axcEkaQkLDKRoWxqp8XLNZSKial7Rk+ELAVVKWoWLRXRZ+OIggu0OzMExvVLE5VHqy71FNHq4gGitkiKYNFWSLIE4qGfdFLZXy/6hwS+wq9ewjikCpd//C9BcCL7Wl0iQdUslxNVCBZHnCoPYih9JXvGefOb9WWnjGy14sG9j70+RSVx6BlkFELWwFvIlWR/tHn3EhHAuL0inS2pwX7ZQTAU6gDVaoqbR2EiJ47cKoPycBNvHLoKxoY9AZaBjPl6q8SKQJSFyFd9n44opAgI6zMTjYF/8Ok4VpXEESp3QaoUyTI9sOJ6oFP6f4dwnvQelgXS+AEfAsHsKXxGAIUDQENAgMEBQAGBwgIDg8IBJCER3QXl1AVDBADCQoOAAQLERITDAjb7ugh3gOuTy==",
                "base64"
              ],
              "meta": {
                "err": null,
                "status": {
                  "Ok": null
                },
                "fee": 5000
              }
            }
          ],
          "blockTime": 1639926816,
          "blockHeight": 101210751
        },
        "err": null
      }
    },
    "subscription": 14
  }
}
Previous
accountUnsubscribe
Next
blockUnsubscribe
Last updated 24 days ago

Parameters
Result
Code Sample
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blockUnsubscribe
Unsubscribe from block notifications

Parameters
integer (required)
Description: Subscription ID to cancel.

Result
Returns a <bool> indicating whether the unsubscribe operation was successful:

true: Unsubscribe operation succeeded.

false: Unsubscribe operation failed.

Code Sample
Request Example:

Copy
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "blockUnsubscribe",
  "params": [0]
}
Response Example:

Copy
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": true,
  "id": 1
}
Prev


[User] How does Helius allow for transaction retries as specified in the 'RpcSendTransactionConfig'?

[Assistant]
Helius allows for transaction retries through the `RpcSendTransactionConfig` structure, which includes a field called `max_retries`. This field specifies the maximum number of times the transaction will be retried if it fails to send successfully.

Here's a brief overview of how this works:

- **max_retries**: This field is an `Option<u64>` that indicates how many times the transaction should be retried upon failure. If the transaction fails, Helius will automatically attempt to resend it up to the specified number of retries.

For example, if you set `max_retries` to `Some(2)`, Helius will attempt to send the transaction initially and, if it fails, will retry sending it up to two additional times.

Here’s a code snippet demonstrating how to configure this in the `SmartTransactionConfig`:

```rust
let config = SmartTransactionConfig {
    instructions,
    signers: vec![&from_keypair],
    send_options: RpcSendTransactionConfig {
        skip_preflight: true,
        preflight_commitment: None,
        encoding: None,
        max_retries: Some(2), // This allows for 2 retries if the transaction fails
        min_context_slot: None,
    },
    lookup_tables: None,
};
```

In this configuration, if the transaction fails, Helius will attempt to resend it up to two times before ultimately failing the operation. This feature helps ensure that transient errors do not prevent successful transaction processing.

ey: &str = "YOUR_API_KEY";
    let cluster: Cluster = Cluster::MainnetBeta;
    let helius: Helius = Helius::new(api_key, cluster).unwrap();

    let from_keypair: Keypair = /* Your keypair goes here */;
    let from_pubkey: Pubkey = from_keypair.pubkey();
    let to_pubkey: Pubkey = /* The person we're sending 0.01 SOL to */;

    // Create a simple instruction (transfer 0.01 SOL from from_pubkey to to_pubkey)
    let transfer_amount = 100_000; // 0.01 SOL in lamports
    let instruction = system_instruction::transfer(&from_pubkey, &to_pubkey, transfer_amount);

    // Create the SmartTransactionConfig
    let config = SmartTransactionConfig {
        instructions,
        signers: vec![&from_keypair],
        send_options: RpcSendTransactionConfig {
            skip_preflight: true,
            preflight_commitment: None,
            encoding: None,
            max_retries: Some(2),
            min_context_slot: None,
        },
        lookup_tables: None,
    };

    // Send the optimized transaction
    match helius.send_smart_transaction(config).await {
        Ok(signature) => {
            println!("Transaction sent successfully: {}", signature);
        }
        Err(e) => {
            eprintln!("Failed to send transaction: {:?}", e);
        }
    }
}
Sending Transactions Without the SDK
We recommend sending smart transactions with one of our SDKs but the same functionality can be achieved without using one. Both the Node.js SDK and Rust SDK are open-source, so


[User] What flexibility do LPs have in selecting their preferred volatility strategy in Meteora's DLMM Pools?

[Assistant]
In Meteora's DLMM (Dynamic Liquidity Market Maker) Pools, liquidity providers (LPs) have the flexibility to select their preferred volatility strategy by adjusting parameters that influence their liquidity provision. This allows LPs to tailor their approach based on market conditions and their risk tolerance.

Specifically, LPs can choose:

1. **Dynamic Fees**: LPs can set dynamic fees that respond to market volatility, allowing them to optimize their earnings based on current trading conditions.

2. **Liquidity Concentration**: LPs can concentrate their liquidity within specific price ranges, which can be adjusted according to their expectations of market movements. This means they can provide more liquidity where they anticipate higher trading activity.

3. **Volatility Strategy Selection**: LPs have the option to select different strategies that align with their outlook on market volatility, whether they expect high volatility or a more stable market.

This flexibility in selecting volatility strategies enables LPs to manage their risk and potential returns effectively within the DLMM Pools.

s bad debt risks within the ecosystem.

Attracting Users from Other Chains: Deep liquidity for wrapped tokens (e.g., BTC, ETH, ARB) on Solana allows users to bridge assets across chains, attracting users from other blockchain networks.

Boosting Trading Activity: Introducing new ecosystem tokens like Bonk enhances trading options, stimulating activity and liquidity on Solana.

Product Overview
Meteora leverages sustainable and efficient DeFi products to enhance liquidity on the Solana network:

DLMM Pools: DLMM (Dynamic Liquidity Market Maker) gives LPs access to dynamic fees and precise liquidity concentration all in real-time, with the flexibility to select their preferred volatility strategy.

Dynamic AMM Pools: LPs can earn additional yield by utilizing lending sources alongside traditional swap fees, enhancing their returns.

Dynamic Vaults: These optimize capital utilization by distributing assets to lending pools, generating yields for liquidity providers (LPs).

Multitoken Stable Pools: These pools efficiently combine liquidity from multiple assets into a single pool, enabling LPs to diversify their holdings and optimize capital utilization.

Non-Pegged Stable Pools: Tailored for non-pegged assets, these pools maintain the pegged value of assets within the pool, promoting maximum capital efficiency.

By implementing these innovative liquidity solutions, Meteora aims to foster a thriving ecosystem on Solana and establish Solana as the ultimate trading hub in DeFi.

Met


[User] What is the maximum supply of an asset in QuickNode and how is it defined?

[Assistant]
In QuickNode, the maximum supply of an asset is defined by the `print_max_supply` field in the asset's data structure. This field represents the total number of that specific asset that can ever be minted.

Here is a brief overview of the relevant field:

- **print_max_supply**: This is an integer that indicates the maximum supply of the asset.

For example, if you were to retrieve asset data, you might see a response that includes the `print_max_supply` value, which tells you how many of that asset can exist in total.

If you need to access this information programmatically, you would typically use an RPC method like `getAssetsByGroup` or `getAssetsByOwner`, which would return the asset details including the `print_max_supply`.

Here’s an example of how you might make a request to get asset information, including the maximum supply:

```bash
curl https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ \
  -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id": 1,"method": "getAssetsByGroup","params": {"groupKey": "collection", "groupValue": "your_collection_key", "limit": 10}}'
```

In the response, you would look for the `print_max_supply` field to find the maximum supply of the asset.

n of the asset
remaining
integer
The remaining uses
total
integer
The total uses
use_method
string
The use method. "burn","multiple","single"
supply
object
The supply information of the asset
edition_nonce
integer
The edition nonce
print_current_supply
integer
The current supply
print_max_supply
integer
The max supply
mutable
boolean
Whether the asset's metadata is mutable
burnt
boolean
Whether the asset is burnt
mint_extensions
object
Mint extensions of the asset
Request

Curl
curl https://docs-demo.solana-mainnet.quiknode.pro/ \
  -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id": 1,"method": "getAssetsByGroup","params": {"groupKey": "collection", "groupValue": "J2ZfLdQsaZ3GCmbucJef3cPnPwGcgjDW1SSYtMdq3L9p", "limit": 10}}'
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hi@example.com
getAssetsByOwner RPC Method
Returns the list of assets given an owner address. The API credit value for this method is 60.
Updated on
Oct 23, 2024
Please note that this RPC method requires the Solana DAS (Digital Asset Standard) API add-on enabled on your QuickNode endpoint.
Solana Web3.j


[User] What are the fees associated with purchasing into the JLP pool on Jupiter?

[Assistant]
The documentation snippet does not provide specific details about the fees associated with purchasing into the JLP pool on Jupiter. It mentions that there are fees related to buying into the JLP pool and refers to "Target Ratio and Fees" for more information. However, the exact fee structure is not included in the provided information.

For detailed information on the fees, you may need to refer to the section on "Target Ratio and Fees" in the complete documentation or other relevant resources provided by Jupiter.

ers (JLPs) play a crucial role in the trading ecosystem by supplying the necessary liquidity for perpetual traders.

Liquidity providers (LPs) ensure there is sufficient liquidity, allowing traders to test their perpetual trading strategies. As a result, Jupiter connects LPs with traders, allowing the traders to access the liquidity provided by the LPs, and in turn allowing LPs to earn the majority of fees generated from trading activity.

How to Become a Liquidity Provider (LP)
Anyone can become a Liquidity Provider by contributing assets or tokens to the Jupiter Liquidity Provider Pool (JLP Pool).

JLP tokens represent your share of the pool.
Any asset traded on JUP can be used to buy into JLP.
There are fees associated with buying into the JLP pool (see Target Ratio and Fees).
More details on how to get the token in How To Get JLP.

tip
The best way to purchase or exit JLP is always via Jupiter Swap.

Advantages of the JLP System
The JLP system offers a user-friendly method for participants to earn passive income while contributing to the liquidity and stability of the trading environment:

LPs do not need to actively "stake" tokens or "harvest" yields - APR earnings are embedded within each JLP token and accumulate automatically (reflected as an increase in the JLP token price).
The JLP token is also an SPL token, making it easily transferable and tradable like other SPL tokens within the Solana ecosystem.
AMM pools can be established for trading JLP tokens.
info
JLP is a


[User] What are the potential consequences of poor auditing on lending platforms that interact with Meteora?

[Assistant]
The potential consequences of poor auditing on lending platforms that interact with Meteora primarily fall under the category of operational risk. Here are the key consequences:

1. **Integration Breakage**: If a lending platform has not been well-audited, changes in its source code could lead to integration issues with Meteora. This could disrupt the functionality of the lending platform and affect users' ability to interact with Meteora effectively.

2. **Exploitation Risks**: Poorly audited code may contain vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. This could lead to loss of user assets, as vulnerabilities might allow unauthorized access or manipulation of funds.

3. **Increased User Risk**: Users relying on poorly audited lending platforms may face increased risks to their assets. If the platform experiences a failure or exploit due to inadequate auditing, users could suffer significant financial losses.

4. **Reputation Damage**: If a lending platform suffers from issues due to poor auditing, it could damage the reputation of both the lending platform and Meteora. Users may lose trust in the ecosystem, which could impact user adoption and overall usage.

In summary, poor auditing on lending platforms that interact with Meteora can lead to integration issues, exploitation risks, increased user risk, and potential damage to reputation.

isk
Smart contract risk relates to bugs or vulnerabilities in the protocol code that could potentially result in an exploit of the protocol and a loss of users' assets.

All protocols have smart contract risk. While Meteora has done several external audits and is undergoing a few more with the new DLMM, these only mitigate that risk and cannot eliminate them completely.

Risk of a stablecoin depeg
There are various stablecoins such as USDC or USDT which are meant to be pegged to fiat (e.g. 1 USDC = 1 US Dollar), assuming the token is fully backed by actual US Dollars or other real world assets.

In an ideal scenario, in a  "stablecoin" pool, there should be negligible impermanent loss since each token in the pair is worth 1 US Dollar and it doesn't matter whether your liquidity position ends up with more of one token and less of the other. You are simply earning trading fees as a liquidity provider in the pool.

However, during black swan events, there is a possibility that a stablecoin depegs from 1 US Dollar.

For example, if you have 100 USDC and 100 USDT in a USDC/USDT pool, your position is supposed to be worth $200. If USDC depegs to 1 USDC = 0.9 US Dollar, your position ends up being worth $190.

Operational risk for dynamic vaults and pools
Operation risks are risks related to source code such as when a partner protocol or team has a program update, or when lending platforms are not well audited. In minor cases, the source code changes break the integration, users a


[User] How can you safely access deserialized accounts during the execution of a Solana instruction?

[Assistant]
To safely access deserialized accounts during the execution of a Solana instruction, you can utilize the `Context<T>` type provided in the instruction handler. This type allows you to access the accounts that have been deserialized and validated according to the accounts specified in your instruction's context.

Here’s how you can do it:

1. **Define Your Accounts Struct**: Create a struct that implements the Accounts trait, specifying the accounts your instruction requires.

2. **Use the Context Parameter**: In your instruction handler, the first parameter will be of type `Context<T>`, where `T` is your accounts struct. This allows you to access the deserialized accounts through `ctx.accounts`.

3. **Accessing Accounts**: You can access the individual accounts using dot notation (e.g., `ctx.accounts.new_account`).

Here’s an example of how to implement this:

```rust
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

#[program]
pub mod my_program {
    use super::*;

    pub fn my_instruction(ctx: Context<MyInstruction>) -> ProgramResult {
        // Access the deserialized account safely
        let new_account = &mut ctx.accounts.new_account;

        // Now you can safely manipulate the data in new_account
        new_account.data += 1; // Example operation

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct MyInstruction<'info> {
    #[account(init, payer = signer, space = 8 + 8)]
    pub new_account: Account<'info, NewAccount>,
    #[account(mut)]
    pub signer: Signer<'info>,
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}

#[account]
pub struct NewAccount {
    data: u64,
}
```

In this example:
- The `my_instruction` function is the instruction handler.
- The `ctx.accounts.new_account` provides safe access to the deserialized `NewAccount` struct, allowing you to manipulate its data directly.
- The `#[account(init, payer = signer, space = 8 + 8)]` attribute ensures that the account is initialized properly with the required space and payer.

By following this pattern, you can safely access and manipulate deserialized accounts during the execution of your Solana instruction.

signer, space = 8 + 8)]
    pub new_account: Account<'info, NewAccount>,
    #[account(mut)]
    pub signer: Signer<'info>,
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}

#[account]
pub struct NewAccount {
    data: u64,
}

Instruction Context #
Instruction handlers are functions that define the logic executed when an instruction is invoked. The first parameter of each handler is a Context<T> type, where T is a struct implementing the Accounts trait and specifies the accounts the instruction requires.

The Context type provides the instruction with access to the following non-argument inputs:

pub struct Context<'a, 'b, 'c, 'info, T> {
    /// Currently executing program id.
    pub program_id: &'a Pubkey,
    /// Deserialized accounts.
    pub accounts: &'b mut T,
    /// Remaining accounts given but not deserialized or validated.
    /// Be very careful when using this directly.
    pub remaining_accounts: &'c [AccountInfo<'info>],
    /// Bump seeds found during constraint validation. This is provided as a
    /// convenience so that handlers don't have to recalculate bump seeds or
    /// pass them in as arguments.
    pub bumps: BTreeMap<String, u8>,
}

The Context fields can be accessed in an instruction using dot notation:

ctx.accounts: The accounts required for the instruction
ctx.program_id: The program's public key (address)
ctx.remaining_accounts: Additional accounts not specified in the Accounts struct.
ctx.bumps: Bump seeds for any Program Derived Address (


[User] What information does the 'swapTransaction' field provide in the response from Jupiter?

[Assistant]
The `swapTransaction` field in the response from Jupiter provides a serialized transaction that is ready for execution. This transaction is optimized based on the parameters provided in the request, including the final slippage settings. It encapsulates all the necessary details to perform the swap operation on the blockchain, allowing the user to execute the transaction directly without needing to construct it manually.

Here is an example of how the `swapTransaction` might be represented in the response:

```json
{
    "swapTransaction": "// serialized transaction"
}
```

In this example, the placeholder `// serialized transaction` would be replaced with the actual serialized transaction data that can be sent to the blockchain for execution.

 api
      quoteResponse,
      // user public key to be used for the swap
      userPublicKey: wallet.publicKey.toString(),
      // auto wrap and unwrap SOL. default is true
      wrapAndUnwrapSol: true,
      // jup.ag frontend default max for user
      dynamicSlippage: { "maxBps": 300 },
      // feeAccount is optional. Use if you want to charge a fee.  feeBps must have been passed in /quote API.
      // feeAccount: "fee_account_public_key"
    })
  })
).json();

The backend returns a response with a serialized transaction that is already using the final optimized slippage and a dynamicSlippageReport for visibility/error catching.

{
    "swapTransaction": "// serialized transaction",
    "lastValidBlockHeight": 266691690,
    "prioritizationFeeLamports": 384,
    "computeUnitLimit": 107468,
    "prioritizationType": {
        "computeBudget": {
            "microLamports": 3577,
            "estimatedMicroLamports": 3577
        }
    },
    "dynamicSlippageReport": {
        // the final optimized slippage bps used in the serialized transaction
        "slippageBps": 12,
        // the incurred out amount observed from simulating the transaction
        "otherAmount": 8759842,
        // the simulated incurred slippage during optimization
        // negative integer refers to the loss in bps while positive refers to the gain
        "simulatedIncurredSlippageBps": -8,
        // an amplification ratio we use to add a buffer to the estimated slippage
        "amplific


[User] What are the necessary imports to fetch token accounts by owner in Solana?

[Assistant]
To fetch token accounts by owner in Solana, you need to import the following modules:

1. `clusterApiUrl` and `Connection` from `@solana/web3.js` to establish a connection to the Solana cluster.
2. `TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID` from `@solana/spl-token` to specify the token program when fetching token accounts.

Here is an example of the necessary imports:

```javascript
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
```

These imports are essential for creating a connection to the Solana network and interacting with the token accounts.

unts by Authority
You can fetch token accounts by owner. There are two ways to do it.

Get All Token Account
get-token-account-by-owner-all.ts
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
    programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  });

  response.value.forEach(accountInfo => {
    console.log(`pubkey: ${accountInfo.pubkey.toBase58()}`);
    console.log(`mint: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["mint"]}`);
    console.log(
      `owner: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["owner"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `decimals: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["decimals"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `amount: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["amount"]}`,
    );
    console.log("====================");
  });
})();

Filter By Mint
get-account-by-owner-by-mint.ts
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  const mint = new PublicKey("54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6P


[User] What does the 'cleanupInstruction' object represent in QuickNode?

[Assistant]
The `cleanupInstruction` object in QuickNode represents an optional instruction that is part of a transaction. It contains the following fields:

- **programId**: A string indicating the program ID of the cleanup program.
- **accounts**: An array listing the accounts involved in the instruction.
- **pubkey**: A string representing the public key of the account.
- **isSigner**: A boolean indicating if the account is a signer.
- **isWritable**: A boolean indicating if the account is writable.
- **data**: A string containing the instruction data in base64 encoding.

This object is used to define any necessary cleanup actions that should be performed as part of the transaction process.

dicating if the account is a signer
isWritable
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is writable
data
string
Instruction data in base64 encoding
setupInstructions
array
The setupInstructions object which contains the following fields:
programId
string
The program ID of the token setup program
accounts
array
List of accounts involved in the instruction
pubkey
string
The public key of the account
isSigner
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is a signer
isWritable
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is writable
data
string
Instruction data in base64 encoding
swapInstruction
object
The swapInstruction object which contains the following fields:
programId
string
The program ID of the swap program
accounts
array
List of accounts involved in the instruction
pubkey
string
The public key of the account
isSigner
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is a signer
isWritable
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is writable
data
string
Instruction data in base64 encoding
cleanupInstruction
object
(Optional) The cleanupInstruction object which contains the following fields:
programId
string
The program ID of the cleanup program
accounts
array
List of accounts involved in the instruction
pubkey
string
The public key of the account
isSigner
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is a signer
isWritable
boolean
A boolean indicating if the account is writable
data
string
Instruction data in base64 encoding
otherInstructions
array
Additional instructions if


[User] What steps are involved in setting up a Solana validator to connect to a cluster for the first time?

[Assistant]
To set up a Solana validator and connect to a cluster for the first time, you can follow these general steps:

1. **System Requirements**: Ensure that your hardware meets the recommended requirements for running a validator. This typically includes specifications for CPU, RAM, storage, and network bandwidth.

2. **Install Dependencies**: Install the necessary software dependencies on your machine. This may include Rust, Solana CLI, and other tools required for validator operation.

3. **Download the Solana Software**: Clone the Solana repository from GitHub and build the software. This will give you access to the tools needed to run a validator.

   ```bash
   git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/solana.git
   cd solana
   cargo build --release
   ```

4. **Generate a Keypair**: Create a keypair for your validator. This keypair will be used to identify your validator on the network.

   ```bash
   solana-keygen new --outfile ~/validator-keypair.json
   ```

5. **Start the Validator**: Use the Solana CLI to start your validator and connect it to a specific cluster (such as the testnet or mainnet). You will need to specify the path to your keypair and the desired cluster.

   ```bash
   solana-validator \
       --identity ~/validator-keypair.json \
       --vote-account ~/vote-account-keypair.json \
       --rpc-port 8899 \
       --entrypoint <entrypoint-address> \
       --cluster <cluster-name> \
       --expected-genesis-hash <genesis-hash>
   ```

6. **Monitor the Validator**: Once your validator is running, you can monitor its performance and status using the Solana CLI or other monitoring tools.

7. **Participate in the Network**: After your validator is set up and connected to the cluster, it will start participating in the consensus process, validating transactions, and earning rewards.

These steps provide a high-level overview of the process involved in setting up a Solana validator. For detailed instructions and specific commands, refer to the Solana documentation.

f how the proof-of-stake blockchain works.

Validators - the individual nodes that are the backbone of the network
Clusters - a collection of validators that work together for consensus
Running a validator #
Explore what it takes to operate a Solana validator and help secure the network.

System Requirements - Recommended hardware requirements and expected SOL needed to operate a validator
Quick Start - Setup a validator and get connected to a cluster for the first time
Why Solana? #
Designed to scale, Solana is purpose-built for blockchain applications to reach millions of users. Instead of worrying about optimizing for the blockchain layer, developers can focus on building their applications to reach product market fit. Not only can it scale now for blockchain application needs, but the network continues to be optimized with user experience in mind.

Building the best user experience in an application is a top priority for developers. With blockchains, the user experience is often limited by the underlying technology, causing slow response times and high fees. Solana's low fees and 400ms confirmation times enable developers to build applications that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone.

Solana Features #
Feature	Description
Onchain Program Development	The ability to develop and deploy programs onchain. Users can interact with these programs permissionlessly, removing the need for middleman servers to build applications.
400ms Slot Times	Every transaction sent by u